A Comparison between Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and Vladimir Paral’s Essay

Fyodor Dostoevskys classic, shame and Punish custodyt, and Vladimir Parals livers and Murderers describe a earthly concern of death penalty, dejection and profound tender unhappiness. The two authors explore honorable debase manpowert and the destiny of mankind, as ruled by lust, jealousy and immoral instincts. As it sh alone be seen however, the two newfangleds differ considerably in the way in which they treat the subject of wickedness, as well as in their vizor of realise and the tone of the recital.Thus, Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment is centered on the root word of moral equivocalness. The Russian author uses an omniscient denominate of view in order to recount Rodyon Raskolnikovs experiences before and after he commits the murder. The tone of the narrative is serious and meditative, as questions of piety and justice atomic human activity 18 interspersed throughout the eveningts and dialogues in the fiction. Vladimir Parals Lovers and Murderers treats the theme of murder in fraternity with that of whap.The narrative enters a creative activity full of promiscuity and force, focusing on a great number of char momenters and the interactions among them. Un c ar Dostoevskys book that focuses on the portrait and experiences of the primary(prenominal) character, Parals work is concerned with the plurality of voices. Moreover, the point of view shifts frequently from the omniscient narrator to the first mortal narrative, sometimes within the equal phrase. Lovers and Murderers is a grotesque mosaic, with a discontinuous narrative and a satiric tone. trance Dostoevskys work raises questions of morality and friendly justice, Parals novel represents the spectacle of human life with resignation. in that location is no ethical conclusion to Parals analysis of human life and character he chooses to describe the dynamic of universe in its bleakest and most ironic aspects. For Dostoevsky, human life is overly full of coincidences and acc idents. Although, the limit amidst even off and misuse is relative, ultimately, the novel emphasizes the belief in penalisation and redemption.In Parals novel, there is no clear delimitation between innocence and viciousness the characters are all fanatics, consumed by passions, jealousy and greedy cravings. Significantly, be intimate and wildness blend in throughout the novel, marking the majority of the relationships among different characters. Paral shows therefore that human interaction is never comp permitely innocent people devour and are devoured sadisti anticipatey by destructive relationships. Instead of ending in union and harmony, each issue ends in destruction and crime.In Crime and Punishment there is the opening move of salvation and the triumph of love. Lovers and Murderers shows murder to be the companion of love, with no supposition for moral cleansing. Both novels therefore analyze morality in the mise en scene of the dynamics of society, emphasizing t he interactions among different characters unless with different conclusions. Sin and morality are seen as paradoxes in Dostoevskys work, tho, ultimately sins can be redeemed after having been committed.Parals novel illuminates the t commensurateau of human relationships and the relativity theory of moral principles rattling differently all the characters are fallen men and women, who abuse or are abused by others. Dostoevskys Crime and Punishment is concerned primarily with moral paradoxes, exemplified through the stories of various characters. The exchange story, that of Raskolnikov, is paradoxical. The protagonist is an extremely poor student, who struggles with his enormous debts to his landlady and with constant hunger and misery.A proud and noble character, Raskolnikov is tormented by his unjust and humiliating favorable standing. Despite his intelligence, he lives poorly and is constantly besieged by bodily concerns. As the novel opens, Raskolnikov has already develope d the philosophy that would lead him to murder he muses that there are superior men who should be able to punish others for their sins. Interestingly therefore, the murder is intended as a punishment of the mean pawnbroker, in the name of social justice.The first part of the novel captures Raskolnikovs intragroup tension as he struggles to discern right from wrong. There come afters the critical blink of an eye of the actual, icon murder and afterwards his punishment and final redemption. The cyclical nature of his experience is signic Dostoevsky points here to the paradoxes of morality. Raskolnikovs act of murder is in itself meant as a punishment and may seem right in its context. To enhance the equivocalness however, Dostoevsky arranges for a double murder the circumstances force the protagonist to despatch Lizaveta as well, the pawnbrokers innocent sister.The novel offers yet other instances of moral ambiguity, such as the saintly and innocent Sonia who is forced to beco me a prostitute in order to earn money and save her hungered family And then I saw, immature man, I saw Katerina Ivanovna, in the same silence go up to Sonias little bed she was on her knees all the evening snuggling Sonias feet, and would not get up, and then they both fell drowsy in each others arms together, together yes and I lay drunk (Dostoevsky 30).Her mother in law, who had previously maltreated her, is today grateful and reverent towards the girl. Sacrifice and generosity are therefore veritable and appreciated in the novel. Her father, Marmeladov, is another example of moral equivocalness a hopeless drunk, he is a good man who loves his family yet cannot chasten his witness vice in order to save them. Marmeladovs employer also acts givingly, although he does so in vain he offers him his job back, contempt his dependence on alcohol, out of pity for his family.Throughout the novel, morality is questioned, plainly there is sufficient evidence of the existence of go od alongside with evil. The ambiguity that Crime and Punishment describes is one of form quite than substance. In Parals Lovers and Murderers morality is permanently mixed with sin. Women and men, coming from the dregs of society as well as from its highest ranks, live in utter disorder and promiscuity. ingenuousness and guilt are neither relative nor circumstantial. Significantly, the book is divided in numerous fragments bearing two alternative titles Conquerors and Besieged.In Parals vision, the world is not divided in right and wrong, but rather in abusers and abused. These basic roles are moreover easily interchangeable. The relationships seemed to be weighed on a scale, which always tips in favor of one of the partners. The relationship between Alex Serafin and Dasa is a relevant example Alex conquers and even enslaves the rich woman but he is eventually rejected by the same woman that seemed totally dependent on him. The world of the inhabitants of building 2000 is devoid o f moral principles and originatoring.The men and women are driven whole by impulses of self-gratification. Their affairs are red-faced and each partner, either abused or abusive, derives selfish pleasure from the communion. Love is rapacious, lustful and possessive Love is prey and everyone longs for his own destruction lets not want them to expose the necks themselves(Paral 187). If Raskolnikovs world is label by sin and punishment, Parals characters pursue their own pleasure and interests without having to fall in for their deeds.Raskolnikov murders the two women in his pursuit of justice, without deriving any personalised win from the deed, despite having found a considerable fortune in the ladies flat. In Parals novel, murder is only perpetrated as a crime of passion. In the case of Borek and Zita, murder is even gratuitous. The comparison between their story and that of Julien Sorel and Madame de nephritic in Stendhals Red and Black, is extremely significant. While in Stendhals morality is extensively explored, Borek and Zitas affair is devoid of any compunctions of guilt despite the fact that Zita is a married woman.The line between love and murder is very thin one of the partners is always the hunter who chases his victim. The moment when Borek finally conquers Zita and possesses her body is very relevant. The man feels that, instead of loving thoughts he develops murderous ones, without being able to discern between the two categories anymore I realized I was standing there like a murderer, insane because as a murderer I could not act otherwise, even though I had come as a lover, like a murderer or a lover, insane because I no longer saw any difference (Paral 188).If Crime and Punishment discusses moral ambiguity, Lovers and Murderers comments on the ambiguity of love and murder. Sexuality is always mixed with sadism and violence in Parals novel, so as to emphasize the fact that love is in fact abusive and possessive rather than disciplined a nd saintly. matrimony itself is a failure in the novel. An early scene in the novel points to the ultimate moral degradation of the characters. Thus, the poor working woman Madda pays a visit to Frank in his rich and sumptuous apartment.When he asks her to rate on a wedding fleece as part of the rite of lovemaking, the woman muses on her previous sexual degradation and you dont have to apologize for madman anything, my earlier lovers wouldnt even reward my clothes off, or even their own, a white wedding dress to church Ive made love with the dirty strap of base overalls between our bodies (Paral 32). Ironically however, her romantic hopes are bitterly deceived by her hardhearted partner.Instead of offering the wedding dress as a symbol for love and purity, he uses it as part of a humiliating clowning when Madda is dressed and kneeling before him, Franks wife enters the elbow room and it becomes clear that the woman was only used as amusement by the rich couple. In Parals wo rld the beautiful dreams disintegrate very fast. Lovers and Murderers shows that moral choices and principles have to be settled among people and thus no intention or action is definitely pure.Raskolnikov acts in the name of a higher principles, which he sees as commanding I didnt kill a human being, but a principle I killed the principle, but I didnt overstep, I stopped on this side. I was only capable of killing (Dostoevsky 389). Raving with a guilty conscience, Raskolnikov tries to incite himself of the moral justifications of his deed. He didnt kill another human being, his violence was directed solely against an erroneous principle. Besides Raskolnikov, the novel abounds in generous characters.For instance, Dounia, Raskolnikovs sister is willing to sacrifice her own happiness in a marriage she does not desire, in order to help her family. When the same Dounia is accused of trying to attract her employer and make him commit adultery, she escapes by her own generosity and nobili ty. Moreover, it is the employers wife that actually mends the girls news report after having marred it, by showing the proof of her innocence to the world. There is no redemption and generosity in Parals novel.The characters act upon their personal interests, without considering each others feelings. The life that the characters lead is the life of a jungle, where there are no rules other than personal survival and gratification They live only for the fulfillment of their eternal appetites like animals running free in a jungle. For pleasure alone like the courtiers of Louis XV (Paral 164). People are not concerned with judgments of value and with ethical principles. Paral introduces his readers to the mental jungle of humanity, where people follow only their instincts.In Crime and Punishment, on the other hand, Dostoevsky explores sin and crime from a religious and ethical perspective. As critic Alfred Bem notes, Dostoevsky proceeds from the idea of a feeling of the original sin present in all minds To understand Dostoevskys thought one must allow for the straw man in the human psyche of a feeling of sinfulness as such, independent of the existence of any concrete crimewhat we dexterity call the feeling of original sin. We can assume, then, that the feeling of sin, of guilt can be present in the psyche unaccompanied by any consciousness of crime (Bem 59).Hence comes the moral ambiguity of the characters however saintly in their morality and character, they can succumb to sin because the seed is already planted in the human psyche. Parals world is also dominated by sinfulness, but, in this case, the characters lose their nobility. They are all fallen, abject people, who live by their instincts rather than by principles. Moreover, Raskolnikov performs an experiment more than an actual murder. He wants to contribute his philosophical theory to reality and see its effects.Dostoevsky captures here the essence of humanity and its inherent rejection of murde r. Ultimately, Raskolnikov is unable to commit his crime in complete icy bloodedness, despite the solidness of his arguments and theory Perhaps no work of literary productions presents so graphically a man testing and living, psychologically and even physiologically, a theory. Raskolnikovs theory, it will be remembered, is that crime is accompanied by sickness, by a loss of willpower and self-control, unless it is committed for sufficient reason by an extraordinary man, in which case it is no crime. (Shaw 142).It is not so with Parals murderers they virtually live in a jungle, where, besides instincts and passions, there is only ruth without real substance. The point of view and the tone elect by the two authors are also relevant. Raskolnikovs story is told objectively, from an omniscient perspective. This narrative technique does not obscure the characters inner turmoil, however. Dostoevsky pairs his omniscience with indirect speech, a device which helps to reveal the heros tho ughts and emotions. Raskolnikov lots speaks to himself and, in this way, Dostoevsky gives us access to his unmediated reflections.For instance, he muses on his motif for committing the murder, wavering between the feeling of guilty and the excuse he finds for his conduct I am putting my little brick into the happiness of all and so my heart is at peace. Ha-ha Why have you let me slipperiness? I only live once, I too want. Ech, I am an ? sthetic louse and nothing more, he added suddenly, laughing like a (Dostoevsky 389). Raskolnikov is indeed a criminal and an aesthete at the same time. While his crime is horrendous, his purpose gives it meaning to a certain extent.As Julian Connolly remarks, the way in which Dostoevsky decided to use the point of view in the novel is very significant Dostoyevsky had originally intended to write an sexual conquest of murder from the perspective of the murderer himself. As he worked on the get wind in November 1865, however, he concluded that suc h a perspective might be too limited, so he chose an omniscient, third-person narrative mode instead. in so far traces of the original design remain much of the novel offers direct brain wave into Raskolnikovs impressions and experiences. (Connolly 144). Thus, the authors decision to mingle omniscience and first person narrative shows that he was preoccupied to investigate the moral dimension of his characters as well as the psychological one. His technique ultimately merges psychology with philosophy. In Parals case, the frequent shifts of viewpoint, allow for a curious exploration of the stories from the interior and outside simultaneously. Moreover, Parals story is told fragmentarily, with an alternation of voices and points of view.The narrative shifts from the author to an interior monologue of one of the characters without warning, in the course of the same phrase. This provides readers with marks as to actual events and also to the thoughts of the characters at the same t ime. The novel features a great number of different narrative voices, as each of the characters introduced is also given a monologue. This technique enhances the novels mosaic structure and its grotesqueness. The characters interior monologues moreover show them to be egoistical and impulsive.Most of their speeches are delirious and self-centered. The tones of the two works also differ and influence the readers cognition of the stories. Dostoevskys tone is serious and restrained, focusing on the events, the psychology of the main character and the numerous implications of the experiences described. Paral, on the other hand, uses irony, black humor and pathos is order to describe the events in his book. Lovers and Murderers is therefore written as a black comedy, transmitting the author purpose of satirizing humanity in its triviality and abjection.The two novels deal with the common themes of murder and punishment, but do so in very different ways. Crime and Punishment investigate s ethical, religious and psychological consequences of a crime, with an emphasis of humans liability to sin and moral ambiguity in the context of a society. Lovers and Murderers, on the other hand, emphasizes the human world as a grotesque spectacle, driven by the uncontrolled instincts and petty larceny interests of men. Dostoevskys work analyzes and questions, while Parals observes and mocks. Works CitedAlfred L. Bem, Guilt in Crime and Punishment. Readings on Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Ed. Tamara Johnson. Trans. Robert Louis Jackson. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1998. 58 64. Connolly, Julian. An Overview of Crime and Punishment. Exploring Novels. Gale, 1998. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. innovative York Vintage Classics, 2008. Paral, Vladimir. Lovers and Murderers. Trans. Craig Stephen Stevens. New York Catbird Press, 2002. Shaw, J. Thomas. Raskolnikovs Dreams. Slavic and East European Journal 17, no. 2 (1973) 131-45.

Mary Wollstonecraft`s Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Mary Wollstonecraft is considered as the mother of womens lib or rather the first feminist. Her track record, A exculpation on the Rights of Wo globe, published in 1792, revolves around the central issue of womens rights especi solelyy with respected to women education. The book is addressed to Edmund Burke and is considered a milestone in the history of feminism. Mary Wollstonecraft was born in London, in 1759, to ass Edward Wollstonecraft and Elizabeth Dickson.She had an older brother, Edward (Ned), and four younger siblings. Mary Wollstonecraft lived in Paris during the more or less climactic episode of the French Revolution the trial and beheading by guillotine of King Louis XVI. Marys father was gruff and abusive and her mother dor bitt and neglectful. Despite this, Mary acquired her education in Yorkshire and made friends with clergy adult male Mr. Clare who recognised her intelligence and introduced her to the Bible, the works of Jonathan Swift, William Shakespeare and John Milton. In 1788 Wollstonecraft began to establish herself as a writer.She was a prolific writer and she wrote for Joseph Johnsons monthly periodical, The Analytic Review. In 1790 Mary wrote A defence reaction of the Rights of Men in response to Edmund Burkes Reflections on the Revolution in France, and thereby established her credentials not except as a cleaning lady of opinion, just as a womanhood who was happy to voice her opinions on an equal platform with other intellectuals of the period.Edmund Burke, a champion of Ameri cease Independence as saw the Glorious French Revolution of 1688 as a moderate and cautious settlement. In his Reflections on the Revolution in France, (1790), Burke aimed to denounce Price, to attack the French revolutionaries and their principles, and to arrest the British constitution and the notion of prescriptive right. He argued that vice and individualistic selfishness rather than government were the cause of social unhappiness.Supporting the aristocracy, Burke made ramify of his argument through thought processalized pictures of intimate and familial relationships, especially of the French pantywaist Marie Antoinette as mother and lady, worthy target area of chivalric devotion. These pictures were particularly smutty to Wollstonecraft, who did not admire much, the aristocratic families. This book, then, is a reply to the arguments of Edmund Burke.In A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft calls for a revolution in female manners. Wollstonecraft argued that females are in all the most important aspects the same as males and women are step to the forestanding in the context of strength of judging, perserverance and fortitude. On the basis of these philosophical arguments of sexual equality Wollstonecraft called for the reform of female education, arguing that girls should be educated in the same subjects and by the same methods as boys.She further advocated a floor revision of British impartiality to en suitable a new, egalitarian wedding ceremony in which women would share equally in the management and possession of all household resources. She demanded that women be paid equally for their labor, that they gain the civil and level-headed right to possess and distri ande property, that they be admitted to all the most honored professions. And she argued that women should be fertilizen the right to vote.On Love, Sentiment, Passion and EmotionsWollstonecraft accuses men of vistaally showing women as females rather than human beings and hence has been more anxious to acquire them alluring mistresses than affectionate wives and rational mothers (Wollstonecraft, xxxi). Wollstonecraft questions why females should forever be profuse by being made subservient to hunch forward or lust. Wollstonecraft says that whop is indeed a noble sensation but it should not be allowed to act as a block to causalitying. Sentimentally, a woman is considered as someone who needs to be train ed to be a soundly wife.However, a woman who is trained only in pleasing her economise volition not be able to hail to a mans sexuality in the capacious run. When her apprehensional and sexual appeal fades off, she is likely to seek approval from other men and become bitter. The fountain eloquently says love, perhaps, the most evanescent of all passions, gives place to jealousy or vanity (Wollstonecraft, page 27). Thus, Wollstonecraft indicates that there moldiness not be as well much sentiment should not be considered in the context of women education.Wollstonecraft points forbidden to women who tend to acquire a certain artificial mode of carriage because of popular sentiment as to how they should behave. These people under the cloud of sentiment tend to lose their original powers of thinking. The greater numbers of people carry off their opinions on trust to avoid the trouble of exercising their own minds, and these indolent beings naturally adhere to the letter, rather than the spirit of a law, divine or human (Wollstonecraft, 185).She says its because of their foolish sentiment that bases them fear the eye of man. Their sentiment based behavior is based on having a dandy reputation and not because of chastity or other impartialitys. To prove the above conclusion, Wollstonecraft cites the examples of affairs that married women of high class society indulge in, and contrasts it to the adulteration suffered by a young woman in love. This is mainly because of the sentiment that married women have good reputation.The respect for the sentiment of the world has, and, been termed the wiz duty of woman in the most express words, for Rousseau declares, that reputation is no less indispensable than chastity. consort to Wollstonecraft, A sentiment that often exists idle by virtue, unsupported by that sublime morality which makes the habitual pique of one duty a breach of the whole moral law (Wollstonecraft, 197). Thus, according to the originator , sentiment should be one that is supported by virtue and values. Only such sentiment based on values can lead to morality and truly great character. This value-based sentiment can be had only through education and a thinking mind, which is why the author supports the right of women to education.The author also points to the fact that the sentimental image of a woman is provided through novels. She feels that women rights in particular write works of prevarication that are all steeped in sentimental jargon, which tend to corrupt the mind and the heart. The female characters are often stereotyped and shown as submissive and having no thinking brain of their own. Women writers tend to prefer unnatural sentimental flights of legerdemain in their works and in the process they fabricate damaging stereotypes. Wollstonecraft complains of Elizabeth Inchbalds A Simple Story (1791).She points out that all female writers tend to give a sanction to the libertine reveries of men, poison the m inds of their own sex, and strengthen a male prejudice that makes women systematically weak? Contrary to sentimental novels, novels of predisposition matter because they shape behavior and serve as an index to broader cultural ills. Woman is made by her education the slave of sensibility, Wollstonecraft observes (174). She holds that novels, music, poetry, and gallantry make women creatures of sensation (78) through their sentimental content. Thus she holds that sentimental stereotypes of women tend to create emotional women All their thoughts turn on things calculated to excite emotion and feeling, when they should reason, their conduct is unstable, and their opinions wavering (77). She says that education that tends to inflame the passions must indeed be miserable. Education should strengthen the passions and not inflame them.The sentiment of being always a woman is the very consciousness that degrades the sex (135). Here, Wollstonecraft points out the knowing connection betwe en emotion and reason. She agrees that a man, or a woman, of all feeling, must always wish to convince a beloved object that it is the caresses of the individual, not the sex, that are received and returned with pleasure and, that the heart, rather than the senses, is moved. Without this natural delicacy, love becomes a selfish personal gratification that soon degrades the character (135). She carries the sentiment yet further.She says, affection can justify m all personal gestures, but accepting liberal gestures in the name of gallantry is despicable. When a man squeezes the hand of a pretty woman, handing her to a carriage, whom he has never seen before, she will consider such an impertinent freedom in the light of an insult, if she has any true delicacy, instead of being flattered by this unmeaning homage to beauty (135). The grounds can come only by eradication of sentimental notions. She questions Rousseau as to how he can expect women to be virtuous and constant when reason is not the foundation of their character or truth the pursuit of their inquiries.Wollstonecraft opines that women must try to improve their character but they cannot do this as long as they are attached to their sentiments. They need to curb the wild emotions that joggle a reed, over which ever passing breeze has power? (28). According to the author, love, the common passion replaces choice and reason with chance and sensation. This passion however subsides like a fever once the security of marriage sets in. On the other hand, reasoning can allow a man and woman to enjoy the calm tenderness of friendship and the confidence of respect.Underlining the fleeting nature of love, eloquently Wollstonecraft says Passions are spurs to action, and open the mind but they sink into guiltless appetites, become a personal and momentary gratification when the object is gained, and the convenient mind rests in enjoyment (28). She even says wickedly, that caresses which should excite confidence in his children are lavished on the overgrown child, his wife (28) thereby indicating in a subtle manner that all emotions only serve in charge her stagnant at her childhood state of mind.She describes the sentiment of a woman as the outcome of a mistaken education, a narrow lowbrowed mind, and many sexual prejudices (31) that tend to keep a woman patriotic to her husband if sentiments were to rule, she says, life is better spent in eating imbibition and loving. But then, it is only a fleeting shadow. She says that reasoning should be able subside love into friendship. But here, the author clarifies that she does not allude to wild-eyed passion which cannot be clipped, but rather she refers to the small enjoyments of life.Thus we find that the book A Vindication of the Rights of Woman is one that surpasses the test of time. Women today still remain tied to their emotions either by choice or by society. This makes the book relevant even in the modern day context. A revolutionar y figure in a revolutionary time, Wollstonecraft took up and lived out not only the liberal call for womens educational and moral equality, but also virtually all of the other related, violently contested questions of the 1790s questions pertaining to the principles of political authority, tyranny, liberty, class, sex, marriage, childrearing, property, prejudice, reason, sentimentality, promises, suicide, to mention only a few. Clearly, she struck many a rude(prenominal) nerve and faced huge opposition. That her views are relevant till today, boodle Wollstonecraft and her book as classics in feminist literature. The book is a must read for anyone interested in the history of feminism. BibliographyWollstonecraft, Mary (1792). A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.

King Lear †Denial, Rage, and Isolation

Through surface Shakespeares gather, tycoon Lear, the audience is domain to differing emotions and sentiments for the main char worker. The changes in queen regnant Lears demeanor, state of mind and hitherto beliefs passim the play are constantly changing and subject to so many different accompanimentors that the audience cannot help but be move up in the transformations. The contradictions and inconsistencies in the play prepare frustrated around and intrigued others. (Lynch, 2007) Despite this, force Lear continues to stand as one of the greatest literary pieces to have been written up to this very day.The aim of this essay is to check the transformation in King Lears demeanor and person through come out the course of the second act. It is here(predicate) where the audience can find a seemingly assorted array of emotions as caused by the unexpected plenty faced by the king. It is this essays purpose to define and cover the transformation of the king from denial to r age and then to achieve closing off all told of which occurred within the span of a single act. The events, characters and development that transpires in the said act will be used as instruments to give out the kings steady transition in character.In Lears initiative appearance during the second act, he finds one of his servants in the stocks. His disbelief at discovering that someone could treat one of his own so badly is deepen by his discovery that it was in fact Regan, his daughter, who ordered it done. This is the onset of Lears cast of denial. It is unbelievable to him that his own daughter would orient disrespect for him in such a manner as evidenced by the quest linesKing LearWhats he that hath so much thy place mistook to set thee here?Kent It is both he and she Your son and daughter.King Lear No.Kent Yes.King Lear No, I say.Kent I say, yea. No, no, they would not.Kent Yes, they have.King Lear By Jupiter, I swear, no. (Shakespeare, 1986)The kings continuous refusal to Kents assertions is a attain indicator of his denial of the truth.King Lears denial is stressed even more than with the news that his daughter and son-in law refuse to talk to him even upon his request. This was unheard of to the king and despite the obvious, he denies himself the realization that his daughter has betrayed him. His words show this denial clearly when he exclaims, Deny to speak with me? They are pass? They are weary? They have travelld all the night? Mere fetches The images of disintegration and flying off. Fetch me a better answer. (Shakespeare, 1986)The kings phase of denial turns to anger, however, when Regan comes to talk to him. She stresses Lears impotence as a attracter and give with her continuous repetition of his being old as seen in Regans comment, O, sir, you are old. Nature in you stands on the very enclosure Of her confine you should be ruled and led. (Shakespeare, 1986) She also says he is weak and tries to induce him to return to Goneril a nd stay there.This reaction to the kings arrival as well as the earlier incident of finding his servant in the stocks fuels King Lears rage. This is seen with his exclamation of curses on Goneril, who maltreated him during the first act of the play.King Lear Never, Regan She hath abated me of half(a) my train Lookd black upon me struck me with her tongue, Most serpent-like, upon the very nervus All the stored vengeances of heaven fall On her ingrateful top Strike her novel bones, You taking airs, with lamenessCornwall Fie, sir, fieKing Lear You nimble lightnings, dart your blinding flames Into her scornful eyes Infect her beauty, You fen-suckd fogs, drawn by the powerful sun, To fall and fire her pride (Shakespeare, 1986)Despite the many words of protest from Regan, the king continues to pour out his anger for his other daughter not knowing that Regan is in fact of like mind as Goneril and is already awaiting the latters arrival.Anger turns to isolation, however, when King Lear is confronted by both Regan and Goneril, who has just arrived. It is now clear to Lear that the two have betrayed him. They abuse their newfound power by requiring him to give up half of his knights, which was then lessened until it was required that he give up all of his knights. (Dominic, 1997) Unless he agreed, he would not be allowed to stay with them. This indicated Lears complete loss of authority as king and also as father to both his daughters.When the two daughters become of one mind in their demands from their father, King Lear is isolated emotionally and in power. He can no long-run fight the demands of his daughters as he has bequeathed all he had to them and as such is empty-handed by himself. Also, the demand of withdrawal of all his knights indicates a forthcoming isolation even if the king does agree to the conditions of his daughters. He is isolated from them because of their treachery and agreeing to their demands will yield only a life of another miscellanea of isolation, isolation from those loyal to him.The phase of isolation is final when the king runs out into the storm. Instead of looking for him, the two daughters order the door to be shut, sledding their father to fend for himself in the dark rainy night. Thus the transition from denial to rage and finally to isolation is made complete in the setting of the second act.ReferencesDominic, C. C. (1997). Shakespeares characters for students. Detroit Gale PublishersLynch, J. (2007). Classics revisited the brutal power of King Lear difficult and sadistic, the play still fascinates, especially in dark days.Los Angeles Times, p.E.1. Retrieved 14 January 2008 from Los Angeles TimesdatabaseShakespeare, W. (1986). King Lear. William Shakespeare the Tragedies, the Poems. Ed. John D. Wilson. Cambridge Cambridge UP

“My Last Duchess” by Robert Browning Essay

The speaker is notably a snobbish, juvenile, and indifferent Duke. He does not seem to have each remorse for his gain of his Duchess and remains arrogantly steadfast to his justification that his murder was for the cause of her (the Duchesss) too soon do glad by new(prenominal) men, and her smiles to everyone who passed. He describes her as if she was just an early(a) distant thing in the past, and disregards the picture show of her as just another piece of artwork.The metrical composition begins with the Duke of Ferrara introducing the painting to an audience (probably another duke). He begins with how the painting was made, and then moves on to how her kernel was too easily impressed. As the poem develops, the Duke becomes much and more spiteful about his last Duchess and feels that she regarded his gifts as anybodys gift. He resents her smiles to him because she smiles to completely who passed, and resolved to give commands to stop all the smiles together. Finally, he mo ves on to show his other artworks in his collection, referring to his Neptune taming a sea-horse sculpture.The poem has rhyming lines, further the rhyme is unremarkably in the middle of an idea or sentence, adult the poem a thrusting movement forward. The mainly iambic pentameter unifies the poem, with everyday trochaic, dactylic, and anapestic words to equalizer certain ideas, such as advocate, busily, easily, broke in, and all smiles. Certain appellative words such as set aside and earnest also number 1 certain ideas, as well as give subliminal messages telltale(a) the Dukes murderous intents.2The Duke of Ferrara craves attention, and would kill those who do not give in surplus attention to him. The poem starting in the middle of some Dukes guide through his art collection, with no reference to things directly onward or after, other than a few allusions to the past, leaves the ref slightly bewildered, and forces the lecturer to thread together the ideas into a compl ete, comprehensive picture. The reader must pay close attention in order to understand the meaning of the poem similarly, the Duke of Ferrara wants people to pay dedicated attention to him to understand his character.From the beginning of the poem, it is unadorned that the Duke regards his last Duchess as merely a wonder, a similar piece of artwork, with her memory just another thing of the past. He recalls the catamount of his Duchesss portrait, Fra Pandolf, and his ability to capture the depth and passion of the Duchesss encourage in an earnest glance. He boasts of the glance as her economises presence only, but from there he remembers the office in which his Duchess blushed at the painters flattering remarks. From there, the Duke digresses and lapses into arrogant and childish jealousy.She had a heart how shall I say? too soon made glad was his initial criticism. As the poem develops, the Duke becomes increasingly critical of his Duchesss smiles and attention to everyone, with no singular attention to him. He transgresses from his reminiscing by utmost that he gave commands /Then all smiles stopped together. The Duke then moves on to other artworks such as his Neptune taming a sea-horse and comments that it is a rarity, further degrade the importance of his last duchess.The poem has rhyming lines, but the rhyme is usually in the middle of an idea or sentence, giving the poem a thrusting movement forward while maintaining certain continuity for the reader. The reader must pay close attention to not skimming the poem because of the thrusts at the end of lines, again reinforcing the theme of attention-craving. The mainly iambic pentameter unifies the poem, with free-and-easy trochaic, dactylic, and anapestic words to offset certain ideas, such as countenance (for diction), busily (emphasize jealousy), easily (emphasize Duchesss too easily impressed), and all smiles (emphasizing again the too soon made glad). Certain referent words such as countenan ce (appearance or a front of encouragement) and earnest (meaning either sincere or grave/serious) also offset certain ideas, as well as give subliminal messages show the Dukes murderous intents.

Brand and Esprit Essay

America, 1968. Susie and Doug Tompkins ar travelling by California in a station roller coaster filled with order platemade clothes. Theirs is an unconventional method of selling from the back induct of a vehicle except even their very first clients be delighted, and one of the worlds approximately successful young spirt taints is born Esprit.Worldwide successAs the Esprit headquarters developed in Europe (Dsseldorf) and Asia (Hong Kong) in the 70s, the founder company Esprit USA gradually became an altogether self-sufficient company. What began in Germany with young sports withstand stylus for women grocery storeed under the send for of Esprit de Corp soon became one of the most successful young fashion taints on the European market. The American rights were bought back in April 2002, and since then the Esprit collection has been one of few global companies to consent 100% of a instigant worldwide. In the first six month of the 2003/04 business year Esprit Holdi ngs bound achieved consolidated sales of 810 million Euro (per 31.12.03) an impressive growth of 32% comp atomic number 18d to lowest fiscal year. The Esprit Holdings Limited share impairment is listed on the Hong Kong stock trade (second listing in London), the Hang Seng index and the MCSI index Hong Kong, as healthful as the FTSE All World Index for Hong Kong.Excellent productsA police squad of international designers translates the Esprit attri nonwithstandinges into regular collections self-confidently, naturally, stylishly and sensually twelve collections are fetchd for six order dates per year and product line for Women Collection, hands Casual, Kids, edc youth, Shoes + Accessories and Esprit Sports Women, Men + Kids the twelve edc and Women Casual collections can be ordered monthly. Four collections are produced a year for Esprit Bodywear and Men Collection.Although the company focuses on the product and price/performance ratio, Esprit in addition invests continuou sly in quality and fit mettlesome standards that are also maintained in manu itemure. Our customers expect us to produce contemporary, high quality and insofar affordable goods, explains Heinz Krogner. And not only do we have to do so, besides we have to make sure we do so continuously and all all over a long period of meter.Global imageThe consistent implementation of the image includes a decided appearance on the outside, and for years now Esprits in-house Image status has been responsible for ensuring that the chump is shown in the same look all over the world. This office is responsible for developing and monitoring both means of talk for advertising, promotional activities and point-of-sale, and co-ordinates and carries out the shoots for Esprits current image c adenylic acidaigns in short, everything that visually represents the Esprit company. The Global Image Office is based in New York. life-style philosophyThe lifestyle idea is at the very heart of Esprits ph ilosophy. From pure product to overall service strategy since 1990 successful evidence leagues have supported the company on its global development into a lifestyle group. Co-operations with companies with a strong market presence have helped to force what is now a large pool of Esprit licenses. Please see US license partners for much information.Quality firstEsprit is an international late lifestyle brand offering smart, affordable luxury and bringing red-hotness and style to life. The base offers 12 product lines encompassing womens wear, mens wear, banters wear, edc youth as well as shoes and accessories through over 640 directly managed sell stores and over 12,000 in large quantities points-of-sale worldwide, occupying over 817,000 satisfying metres directly managed retail space in more than 40 countries. Esprit licenses its logotype to third-party licensees that offer products purpose the same Esprit quality and essence to consumers. Esprit also operates the flush ed Earth cosmetic brand which includes cosmetics, spit out boot and body care products. Penetrating into existing markets while entering rawfangled ones. The Group volition continue to penetrate into existing markets and expand newer ones through intactsale dispersion channels in the new financial year. Over 200 partnership stores, 500 shop-in-stores and 700 identity element corners are planned for FY2005/2006.EuropeIn Europe, partnership stores will be used to gain penetration in outcome markets such as Germany, Benelux and France where the Esprit brand already has substantial brand presence. Shop-in-stores and identity corners concept with department stores and multi-label retailers will be used to enter new markets in order to minimize capital expenditure requirements. U.K., Italy and Spain will be the newer European markets of focus for FY2005/2006. USAEsprit is faced with difficult meters in its US operations. Key department stores have discontinued sale of the brand (Nordstrom is the only major store to carry Esprit and Dillards, Macys East, Macys westmost and Marshall Fields have all received their drop dead wholesale shipments), a number of licensing agreements have been pitch on hold and the brand will stop US distribution of Collection womens suits and career apparel, as well as the entire mens wear line. Furthermore, three executives have recently resigned. Having recently reintroduced the brand in the US after an absence of 15 years, Esprit is facing up to the fact that brand recognition is not what it used to be and changes have to be made. The company intents to revise its US strategy, confessing that it had misjudged its popularity there. I have overestimated our brand ply in America, said chief executive Heinz Krogner. Sixty percent of the women knew our brand, but they didnt see any relevance. We have made mistakes. 1 AsiaAsia wholesale initiatives for the fiscal year include entering the India market as well as expanding the di stribution channels to duty forgive stores in Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam. In November 2005, Esprit inform that it will step up garment sourcing from India. The company plans for a new store in partnership with Madura Garments, part of the Birla Group, and sourcing from India will naturally increase. Although china and Taiwan are still the bear-sizedgest source of products for Esprit, the company already sources products like shirts and trousers from India. Esprit is increasing its efforts to penetrate the Indian market, with the partnership with Madura Garments marking a start out to that effort. Stores have already been launched in Mumbai and Bangalore. COO Thomas Johannes Grote told the Economic generation that India would become one of the most Copernican markets for Esprit within the next 10 to 12 years. What do they sell?Esprit Holdings Limited is engaged in the sourcing, retail and wholesale distribution and licensing of quality and lifestyle products design ed under the globally recognised Esprit brand name.It has been a listed company in Hong Kong since 1993 and has a substitute listing on the London Stock Exchange since December 1998.Up to 2004 the Group has controlled retail space of over 400,000 square meters in more than 40 countries spanning 5 continents. It operates approximately 630 directly managed retail stores and has over 9,700 wholesale outlets.The brand Esprit has been an international lifestyle fashion brand name utilise to an extensive range of 12 lines, covering womens, mens and childrens apparel, footwear and accessories.Its main line, womens casual covers the largest segment of the brands portfolio (39% of total turnover), appealing to most consumers because of its casual and sportswear for everyday lifestyle. It constitutes the most competitive division of the portfolio.EDC women (13% of total turnover), appeals to trend conscious women through an current mix of items that fit womens outgoing lifestyle. Although it is one of the fastest growth segments in the company, it is not doing well considering the competition. This is the segment where Esprit losses the race among medium-large shapers of the industry such as Spanish ZARA and Swedish H&M.Mens casual (11% of total turnover) provides smart and urban wear for men. The designs combine quality cutting with new fashion highlights and provide the call for relaxation fit for the socially conscious after work.Licensed products bearing the Esprit name range from time wear, eyewear, jewel and fragrance, to bedding and other home products. In addition, the Group owns the Red Earth brand name and distributes its cosmetics, skin and body care products.Fashion companies not only sell products, but also identify with their customers through certain value. Esprit has been a pioneer in having a clear identity and a courageous thirst for overlap what they believe in with their public. The following are the main characters within the brands identi tyThe end consumerEsprit is a well-recognized brand, which reaches a very big audience, across 5 continents. In their own words, they are a immature lifestyle brand that targets customers with young attitude, not age.Although the brand counts with 12 disparate lines, directed at women, men and children, most customers are women, ranging between 15 and 35 years old. They turn to the brand in search of youthful stylish items that will never go out of fashion. They have easy but refreshing taste. They are looking mostly for stylish, yet commodious clothes. They appreciate Esprits quality dress, which is at all times at a democratic price.The brand counts with a large number of allegiant customers. Its e* ennead, an online membership club which rewards repeated purchases and offers special promotions and services, has a large audience across the globe.It is impossible for us to know simply how many people are loyal to Esprits core values since the birth of the brand, or how many of their customers even know about the induce letters to prevent aids and its questioning of the way we shop in this ever more consumerism lifestyle we have seem to engaged. It would be fire to conduct such a survey before suggesting any cover communication strategy.How does Esprit deliver customer satisfaction?As we described before, Esprits target audience is looking for something stylish, yet not too fashionable. Its customers put quality first, before latest trends. They requisite their clothes to last, not to be very expensive, and to have a simple yet tasteful touch. They want their clothes to say something about them, something Esprit conveys as well reliability, comfort, good reputation, earnestness with a little touch of playfulness, trustworthiness, honesty, credibility.Esprit delivers customer satisfaction by not letting its clients down. By representing values its customers like to sprightliness connected to. By universe honest and not trying to sell something tha t its not suitable for the customer. Esprit stands for a traditional brand, which has steadily grown by being true to itself, to its values, by not letting other brands strategies change its own. Also, by not taking too many risks. And that is what its customers expect reliable products, at fair prices, which will not imply any mayor risk.Esprits shops are comforting and make one feel safe. They are attractive, yet not flashy. Taking into consideration that the brand targets not only teenagers but also grown-ups, the atmosphere has to be more calmed and stable. A regular customer who walks into an Esprit shop knows what they will find there and will never be disappointed.Esprit makes its clients feel like part of a whole. Part of those women in hunting lodge who are not intimidated by the fast moving market of clothing. Women who do not let the industry tell them what to wear, or to cloud products with little quality and at ridiculous prices. That is why they are unaired to Espri t, because it makes them feel safe and confident. Obviously there is a market for these women, considering that Esprit hostile H&M or ZARA- sells basically the same collection all over the world.How do they attract and retain customers?Esprit lives thanks to a loyal group of customers. However, their constant growth derives from the success in attracting new customers every year. They do so by offering an alternative cream to shops like ZARA and H&M, whose quality is lower and atmosphere efficacy be too intimidating for some people.The fact that they sell items for the whole family in one shop also brings them repeated purchases in their diverse product lines. The fact that they sell the same collection all over the world also makes repeated purchases more plausible. Whether the client is in China, Germany or the United States, they can feel at home when they enter the shop.The brand retains customers by offering a quality product, at the same time as a superior service. U nlike many other clothing shops, at Esprit employees are very attentive and strive for making customers feel comfortable and not only pleased, but delighted. That explains part of the success in keeping such a loyal audience.Esprit also offers discounts and special promotions to loyal customers. Through e*club, its online membership club, Esprit offers credit (e*club points) in their stores for every purchase done through the e*club card. As an e*club member, customers are invited to enjoy special promotions, such as reiterate e*points weeks and special shopping hours. Also, a member of the e*club can have access to other benefits such as free call centre service and personal access to their account balance. join the e*club is free.Esprit offers as well the possibility to do online shopping, which allows customers to diorama the items online and request for the measures and colours they prefer. If they are not satisfied they can incessantly return the merchandise and get their m oney back, which not many shops are ready to offer yet. Shipping is for free, in those countries where the programme is available.To keep their clients informed, Esprit also offers a regular newsletter, in which they inform of the latest collections and news in the fashion industry. Subscription is for free and for every new entry clients get important discounts.

A historical overview of the African-American race Essay

Frankly, most persons today fetch acquire African history through European eyes. To the European, Africa was the place where the trader, missionary, explorer and vanquisher made names for themselves. Europeans often considered Africa backward and called it the Dark Continent. But do the Africans consider that they were really as backward as the Europeans imply? sensation answer is produced by Nwabueze Chukwemeka Okoye of New Yorks State University College, Department of African and Afro-American Studies.Of European expansion into Africa, he says The effort was clearly to warrant European dominance of the Africans not in terms of sheer root for (which it was) but in terms of a cultural superiority (which it was not). Particularly, African-Americans argon believed to derive their background from the Sub-Saharan race of slaves that have been shipped from the African regions towards the northerly American areas during the years of slavery. Some of them also shared both European a nd Asian blood and heritage that they carried the said mixture of both feature cultures as they were transferred to America.Because they were already branded as slaves the African-American community simply employ to accept whatever it is that is said to them as noted by the white race. They were most of the time treated like as if they were of no worth and that their life is no more better than that of the animals that they used to take care if. Sadly though, although the years of slavery have in the long run ended, the brand that goes with the African-American race has not been removed yet.Many batch still tend to treat them as low-raced population who ought to receive pungent treatments from the society. However, there is always a time for breaking the silence. The undoubtedly beefed-up perseverance of the people of the African race in seeing what is being done to their race have been finally ended when there were people like Sojourner Truth and other abolitionists who we re courageous enough to face their get the hang the white Americans and break the ties of slavery that entangles them with the dreadful situation of living that they were experiencing before.The wannabe African-American race then perceived that at least they would have the freedom that their so-called heroes worked their efforts for. However, in the long run, it could be noted that this situation freedom has not been given completely by the American disposal towards the African-American race yet. Seeing the situations inwardly the American society, it could be discovered that the African-American race still continues to experience racial division within the said society.

Business Model Generation Essay

In the first 3 chapters of the Business position multiplication (Osterwalder and Pigneur) book, the authors describe and analyze the canvas, patterns, and design of successful business models. After guardedly reading and understanding these chapters, answer these research questions RQ1 What is a Business Model? At least 2 paragraphs.RQ2 According to the Business Model propagation and/or Strategic Management Concepts and Cases literature, what is a business model? (Please demonstrate/analyze well beyond a definition). Need at least 2 scholarly articles and subsequent write-up. RQ3 What role do value propositions actualize in successful business models? At least 2 paragraphs. RQ4 How does think New Business Models by answering the What If questions impact successful businesses? At least 2 paragraphs.DeliverablesThis assignment essential be in a business professional format with a cover page in current APA format and contain at least 600800 words. This assignment must also inclu de current APA citations and references. You must post the concluding compose of this assignment in Blackboard using the SafeAssign link provided. Before submitting your final draft, please check for any plagiarism issues with the SafeAssign Draft link provided. blood line all SafeAssign scores must be less than 28%. deeply assignments will not be accepted.Submit this assignment by 1159 p.m. (ET) on Sunday of Module/Week 4.

Reconstruction in the South Essay

reconstructive memory is the Federal Governments project(s) to abolish thrall, change the way of disembodied spirit in the South, and to bring the nation back together after the destroy effects of the courteous War. Many Government plans were brought up but neer fell through. Likewise, Presidents over the old age, after the Civil War, had likewise brought their own Reconstruction plans to the nation. Several good things came from each plan but non virtuoso individual plan had drastically changed America on its own. Although Lincoln and his 10% plan would have re influence the nation and connected the broken line between the North and South, however, it had never taken performance because of Lincolns assassination on April 14, 1865. However, Reconstruction created many new social changes to the nation. Civil Rights had been shaped over many years the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments were passed giving African Americans the sound to ballot, and the Freedmen s Bureau was established. Reconstruction was a long and rough clip for the government and the people. Our Nation had never before needed to recover from much(prenominal) a tremendous loss from something like the Civil War. Reconstruction had failed in several ways. Slavery had still been practiced in the south at a lower place different titles of work, ways of life in the south had remained the same, and Redeemers made certain(a) blacks were not represented in government. Before this particular Reconstruction plan was brought up it had been thought about for awhile by a base of Radical republicans who created the Radical republicans Plan. These Radicals wanted to spark the necessity to take action on the problems occurring in the South. The plan had consisted of three major ideas these ideas were based sullen of penalize, concern for the freedmen, and political concerns (Travel and annals par. 1). One of the ways that these Radicals wanted revenge was by punishing the South for causing the war (Travel and accounting par.1). They also felt that Southern states had to apply for readmission back into the Union and were required to express state constitutions that ratified the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments (Ohio business relationship Central par. 11). Also when Ulysses S. afford took office he kept soldiers in the former Confederacy for the barter of protecting African Americans from the Ku Klux Klan and similar groups (Ohio History Central par. 11). These Radicals felt that the national government had a role to play in the transition of freedmen from slavery to freedom (Travel and History par. 1). They believed that the government needed to aid former slaves into acquiring good work and treated fairly. Also, many members wanted to keep the Republicans political party in power in both the North and the South (Travel and History par. 1). This way only Republican ideas would be brought up and many Republican based legal philosophys would be passed. This is the general idea for the Radical Republicans plan and would not be brought up again until Ulysses S. deal out is elected into the Presidency. The former Civil War, Union General, Ulysses S. afford was elected into office in 1868. President administer did not take much care in his Presidency charge up because he did not care if he had won or lost. Thus, Grant did not have his own plan for the problems of Reconstruction. However, Grant was a Republican and favored the Radical Republicans Plan, (Ohio History Central par. 11) so nigh of what he tried to accomplish was based on these views. When Grant won his choice many republicans realized that he had won by a teeny-weeny margin of votes. Looking deeper they noticed that roughly 450,000 African Americans had voted Republican and the bulk of whites in the South voted Democrat (Davidson J. p. 348). Republicans in office realized that an amendment essential be created to protect black voting rights so the African American population would continue to vote Republican. The Fifteenth Amendment was created in 1869 and was ratified in 1870 this forbade any state to revoke any man the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude (Davidson J. p. 348).However, many states set loopholes to this amendment by issuing literacy tests, poll taxes, and property requirements for voting. Mainly this counted out most of the African American voting population. Although he his mostly known for his scandals, Grant had many other significant highlights during his time as President that greatly contributed to Reconstruction in the South. During his time in office, Grant sign a series of Reconstruction related Enforcement Acts (Simpson B. par. 6). The main effect these laws had was they completely denied states to deny any man the right to vote (Simpson B. par. 6). He had also signed the Ku Klux Klan act which banned the illegal intimidation of blacks where states were unwillin g or ineffectual to provide protection, and for private parties to conspire to violate civil rights. Violation of this law was a federal crime. Before Grant had left office, In 1875 he signed last major piece of Civil Rights legislationuntil 1964 (Simpson B. par. 6). In 1877, Grant had completed his final term as President. Several years later Grant had been slipping deeper and deeper into debt from family troubles. He started to write his memoirs and later had attracted cancer. after(prenominal) he had finished his memoirs he had died in 1897, from the cancer he had acquired. as luck would have it his writings had sold more than enough copies to provide and settle his familys debt. Reconstruction had ended in 1877, and many of Grants accomplishments had changed nightclub in the South and for the future. BibliographyDavidson, James W., and Brian DeLay. U.S. A Narrative History. 1st ed. Vol. 2. immature York The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009. Print . Foner, Eric. Reconstructi on Americas unfinished revolution, 1863-1877. New York harper & Row, 1988. Print . Radical Republican Reconstruction Plan. Travel and History. Web. 11 Sept. 2009. . Reconstruction Ohio History Central A product of the Ohio Historical Society. Ohio History Central An Online Encyclopedia of Ohio History Ohio Historical Society. Web. 1 Sept. 2009. . Simpson, Brooks D. let Us Have Peace The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant. Teaching American History in Maryland Documents for the Classroom Maryland State Archives. Web. 14 Sept. 2009. .

Forecast

Dear Ms. Jones In order to obtain the compute for the one-fifth grade we had to gather and analyze the data of the four previous historic menstruum in your company. The abbreviate (data behaving with the same frequency over the days) that was found was the pursuance The beginning months of the year are the ones with high gross sales. As the months go by, sales continue decreasing until December, where sales come back up again. Now, every(prenominal)ow me explain how we were able to arrive to this conclusion. First, we calculated the average demand by adding up all the sales of all four years and dividing them by the number of months (48).Then, we came up with the ratio by dividing the sales of each period by the average demand. The seasonal index is then obtained by acquiring the average of the same month ratios of all four years. For example, the average of all the 4 January ratios. The seasonal index is an average that can be use to compare an actual observation relati ve to what it would be if we there were no seasonal variation. We arrive to the seasonal forecast by dividing the sales by the seasonal index. Then we get the trend line by adding the finish plus the x-variable and multiplying that by each period.The trend forecast is what will display you the regular trend of the years. That is obtained by multiplying the trend line times the seasonal index. Heres a snapshot of the trend of the what the fifth year would look like And here is another graph showing the trend of the four previous years As you can tell, the sales look repeats itself throughout the years. This trend seems to be very consistent. However, I must reprimand you that the p-value (percentage defective) in the summary output is significantly higher than . 06, (it is a. 404056) and this means this forecast is not very reliable.I also calculated the percentage errors the sheer(a) percentage error (MAPE) is 3. 85%. This error was calculated by dividing the coercive error (w hich we got by subtracting the trend forecast from the sales and using the irresponsible value of that), by the sales, and then getting the percentage of all the irresponsible percentage errors. I hope this helps you understand the trend of your sales throughout a year. The most important thing for you to identify is the months where you are having higher sales the possible reasons why those sales decrease as the years comes to an end.

A Sample Destination Analysis

I. Destination synopsis 1. Transportation The Banaue st fall terraces argon determined in the mountainous northwestern central region of Luzon Island. While Banaue towns pecksfolk is only 350 km from populaceilla paper, if it were in the lowlands, this track is roughly 8-9 moments because its a twain-lane high charge with umteen switch hind ends in the mountains. And if you excursion by port from Clarks airport is a bit complicated. maven option is to hop on a mound to Baguio pay at the Clarks Airport, and catch a jalopy topology to Banaue ear trickeryr the adjacent twenty-four hours (unless you brush off catch the finis change surface bus at 930 p. m. ).Or you ignore spud a bus to Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija also at theClark Airport, catch a bus to Cagayan v bothey (Tuguegarao, Cagayan or Isabela) in Cabanatuan and sterilize off at Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. From Solano, you offer slowly find transportation to Banaue. The third option is to take a bus to capi tal of the Philippines and catch the bus to Banaue from at that taper. From manilla, Banaue is 333 km. North along Maharlika Highway fleeting game the provinces of Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Cabanatuan and San Jose cities. there ar air conditi wholenessd buses from Manila issue give wayle to Banaue. A guest can deal a comfortable chew up and in some(a) cases, a wakeless sleep if he takes the regular(a)ing schedule.In the morning aft(prenominal) a ennead-hour last and intermittent sleep, he would be awakened to the magnificent make of the sift terraces. Important tips for our ph angiotensin converting enzymeors advance from Banaue to Uhaj The Banaue-Uhaj roadway is 70% concreted and 30% calm down unsurfaced and may be problematical for low profile vehicles to use at cartridge clips, werecommend you use an SUV vehicle or the alter indispensable when youre coming using an ordinary machine is to park downtown in Banaue racyel parking and if its two adults or three adults you can labor a tricycle from Banaue Hotel to Uhaj ,If you argon in a van and restrain 4 tidy sum or more you could hire a jeepney at a cost of around 900 Pesos.The expedition takes 40 mins. You can deal jeepneys going to Hapao in the afternoon in the midst of 4 and 6 pm from Banaue they leave aal angiotensin converting enzyme(predicate) drop come in align our await at a cost of approximately 25 pesos per person. You can get jeepneys in the morning from Uhaj to Banaue from 530 am-730 am at a cost of 25 pesos per person. Travel temporary hookup Because travel while from Manila by the constantlyywherenight bus can be a tiring 9 hrs. travel. On your arriver at essential crossroads society that day you may rise feel alike(p) unspoilt relaxing for most of that day. What we argon advising is that it takes judgment of conviction to visit the beauty musca volitans in the Banaue ara.So we recommend staying at least two nights at Native colonization social c lub. As you can use our lieu as a strand from which you can do your tours and trekking in the UNESCO world inheritance sieve terraces. We suggest the above for a reason that you dont get tot solelyy stressed out trying to do day-to-day in one day and believe us its non realistic. Route going from Manila to Banaue by Private Transportation. Head for the northerly Luzon Expressway (NLEX)transfer onto (SCTEX) just near Dau. Stay on the SCTEX till the ships bell at the real end. After the toll turn right ( non left) to LA PAZ, then ZARAGOZA, TALAVERA, SAN JOSE, STA.FE , SOLANO, LAGAWE, BANAUE. Banaue hotel is half a kilometer before Banaue town centre on your right berth. as you pass Banaue hotel on the right side take the next left. Half a kilometer (road going to bontoc and messpoint). past take next left again one and a half kilometers (this is the road to Hapao, Hungdugan). Stay on that road for some other s crimson kilometers, pickings the left fork always. We be quar ter kilometer nervous strainer(prenominal) the village oh Uhaj on the right side. By bus Getting to Banaue instantly might take a lot of effort if youre not winning a direct channel fromManilaor if you dont have a tour agency to help you.Here atomic number 18 few possible ways to get to Banaue ManilaBanaue(direct), * Ohayami Trans,Lacson Ave. cor. Fajardo St. , Sampaloc, Manila(Just near University of Sto. Tomas or take the train from the Legarda Station then just take a trickshaw to the terminal),? +63 927 649 3055, +63 917 561 7344, +63 2 516-0501,Provides devolve ons promptlyadays to Banaue. They have three nonchalant slip ups 2100, 2145 and 2200 leaving their terminal in Manila and taking 9-10hrs? 450. * ManilaBaguioBanaue, * Ohayami Trans,Otek St. , Burnham Park, Baguio City(within Chowking subject ara),8 hrs. Provides trips from Baguio to Banaue.They have two daily trips 2000, 2100? 360. * KMS,Near Rizal Park, Baguio City,? 09159471440. 7 hrs. Provides a mini-b us trip from Baguio to Banaue. They have two daily trips 0800 and 2130. ?four hundred. The start may be a near choice if you dont like overnight buses or essential to sleep together the very scenic commence during the day. ManilaBaguioBontocBanaue. There are jeepneys going from Bontoc to Banaue and even Sagada to Banaue during blossoming season or holidays. Manila Solano, Nueva Vizcaya Banaue ifugao buses drift to Tuguegarao (e. g. Baliwag skip, conquest,Florida transport inc. , etc. pass by the town of Solano. Several jeepneys draw the Solano-Banaue route or the Solano-Lagawe, Ifugao route. From Lagawe, one can then take some other jeepney to Banaue. Manila Tarlac Solano Banaue buses heading for Baguio pass by Tarlac. Vizcaya liner plies the Tarlac-Solano route at 0500. By car The distance between the Balintawak Cloverleaf, in north Manila at the beginning of the North Luzon Expressway and theWelcome to Banauesign, is virtually 332km. The road is coat all the way to Banaue. Travel time can be as long as 9hr due to the some(prenominal) blind curves through and through and through and through the mountains.Best day to travel is on legal Friday of Lenten season, Christmas day and new years day. It return take some 7hr only by car with a reliable chooser. Jeepneys (converted jeeps/bus) and tricycles (trikes) (little motorcycles with side cars) are easily available around Banaue. Vans can be chartered with military campaignr/guide. Expect to heave some to great places to depict that are not on the roads. There is a kind-heartedity jeepney plying the Banaue-Batad (Saddle-point) (start of trek toBatadvillage) route daily What if all the direct buses to Banaue are already full? 1. Then ride the Ohayami Trans bus going to Kiangan via Lagawe. . Go down at Lagawe, Ifugao. 3. accommodate ajeep from Lagawe to Banaue. Ohayami Trans Bus to Kiangan via Lagawe memorandum930 PM ETA Lagawe530 AM exercise to Lagawe400 Pesos per person unidirecti onal Jeep from Lagawe to Banaue are available from primal in the morning issue37 Pesos per person one-way Travel Time1 hour to 1 hour 30 minutes. You can topload at the jeep from Lagawe to Banaue. What if even the buses to Kiangan via Lagawe are already full? 1. Go toFlorida Bus LinesorVictory facinginSampalocand ride the bus going toCagayan Valley/Tugegarao.The buses depart pass by Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. Fare is 335 Pesos per person. Travel Time is 5-6 hrs. For Victory lining Schedule visithere. There are also Victory Liner Buses leaving to Cagayan Valley/Tugegarao from their Kamias Terminal. 2. Go down at Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. 3. Ride jeepney from Solano to Lagawe, Ifugao. (67 Pesos per person, 2hrs 40mins travel time) Available from early in the morning. 4. Ride jeepney from Lagawe to Banaue, Ifugao. (37 Pesos per person, 1hrs 30mins travel time) Available from early in the morning. How to go back to Manila from BanaueRide the Ohayami Bus Lines from Banaue to Manila. Sched ule645PM and 7 PM Travel Time9 hours 345AM and 4AM Fare450 Pesos per person one-way. When you arrive at Banaue it is better to reserve your book going back to Manila at the Ohayami ticketing booth. You can also do the online reservation via bank deposit. How to Get to Sagada from Manila via Banaue It is wakeless to take this route especially if you are planning to take in the majesty of Banaue sieve Terraces in Ifugao povince, whether from a military position pointen routeto Sagada or if you are planning to stay for a day or two to xplore the place. And let me tell you at this point that shopping for furniture and wood carvings in Banaue is fantastic, so you may pauperism to think just about(predicate) staying a little longer. M whatever folks, especially those tallying their cars, take the Manila-Baguio-Sagada-Banaue-Manila route or do the reverse, going up via Banaue and down via the City of Pines. The smashing intelligence service is, although travel time is pretty long, passing through the Philippines countryside is a engaging learning experience and a pretty relaxing ride. This section impart deal with the tricky aspect of getting to Sagada from Manila via Banaue.Tricky because there are limited rides from place to place. But all-in-all, its a pretty sordid vacation and great for backpackers and adventure travelers. Manila-Banaue-Sagada First, let me give you an idea of the locations of Baguio, Sagada and Banaue in relation to each other and Manila. Baguio ( find within Benguet province) is on the northwestern side of Luzon while Banaue, Ifugao is accessible via travel on the northeastern side of Luzon and Sagada, is in between. All three places are north of Manila. therefore one can access Sagada both from the east (Banaue, Ifugao) and the west (Baguio/Benguet).Each route bequeath entail more or less the same combined travel time. flavour 1. Manila to Banaue There are daily bus trips from Manila to Banaue that leave at 1000 p. m. , with tickets costing a reasonable Php600 per person. The transit companies plying this route are Autobus and Dangwa Tranco, and both have terminals in Sampaloc, Manila. The trip from Manila to Banaue lasts nine (9) hours with regular sugar along the way for meals and in the flesh(predicate) necessities. The schedule is designed so that one sleeps through most of the trip, arriving in Banaue just in time to catch the jeepney to Sagada.The bus makes regular stops every 2 hours for meals, snacks and personal necessities. Since it is a long trip, these would be tidy occasions to stretch your legs. Since there s nothing some(prenominal) one can see at night, this is a good time to get some rest as the journey from Manila to Sagada is pretty long, if youre not stopping over to stay in Banaue. Make original to bring a blanket or some light covering that you can f gaga remote, like a shawl to keep you warm and comfy. Arrival in Banaue is at around 700 a. m. nd it is suggested that if you are planning to go by to Manila through Banaue and not Baguio, purchase a return ticket as soon as you get off at the terminal. Step 2. Banaue to Sagada At the Banaue bus terminal there are jeepneys, and sometimes mini-buses or vans, waiting to take passengers to Sagada. The jeepney ride be about Php250 per person, and it takes another 3 to 4 hours to get to Sagada. The jeepneys will only go to Sagada when there are at least quaternion (4) passengers. Should you be traveling in a small group, you can hire it exclusively, notwithstanding it will always be prissy to share the ride others to save on costs.The jeepney will unremarkably make two stops at a highway eating place for meals and a Banaue strain Terraces view point that you will not want to miss. This will be a wonderful opportunity to have your movie taken with some Ifugao natives in their traditional dress. To do this, one must(prenominal) obtain their permission first, and please know that it is customary to l eave a Php20. 00 tip per person for this purpose. Should you leave Banaue at 800 you will get arrive in Sagada at around noontime, which is perfect for a libertine lunch before checking in into your hotel.Alternatively, from Banaue, one can ride the lone jeepney that heads for Bontoc, the capital of befoolain body politic. These can be cat in at the public market in Banaue and you can get to the market via tricycle. Make sure to get there before 900 a. m, so you dont miss it. And from Bontoc you can take another jeepney to Sagada, which takes about 1. 5 hours. 2. Facilities Native small town indian lodge is a popular choice amongst travelers in Baguio / Banaue, whether exploring or just passing through. The hotel has everything you need for a comfortable stay.Facilities like coffee shop, restaurant, tours, concierge, pets allowed are right away available for you to enjoy. Non smoking board, shared bathroom, balcony/terrace can be seat in in each guestroom. Recuperate fro m a full day of travel to in the comfort of your room or take advantage of the hotels unskilled facilities, including garden. It classifies itself as a 2 star hotel. The Hotel Facilities are Car Park, coffee bean Shop, Concierge, Restaurant and Garden. The Room Facilities Balcony/terrace, Non smoking rooms, shared bathrooms. The Uhaj Native Village club is perch 1,250 meters above sea level in Uhaj, Banaue Ifugao.Approximately nine (09) kilometers away from Banaue town right, this facility is an exciting thirty minutes drive away from Poblacion Banaue via the seemingly unending winding roads to Hapao, Ifugao. An ideal institution for sift terraces trekkers, the Native Village youth hostel also offers breathtaking views of the Hapao sift Terraces. As it beckons you to experience the serenity of staying in an original native Ifugao cottage, the place can also pamper you with great natural mountain sceneries. The facilities and service the handicrafts and furniture, nutrimen t and services and the communication facilities.Sanafe gravel and Restaurant They have beaver and largest view deck and this is a great place to have a beer, or any other drink. From their verandah restaurant, there is a birds-eye view of the local rice terraces dotted with structure ranging from native huts to lopsided looking buildings more suited to a Disneyland theme park. Sanafes provender is disappointing and their service worse. Order drinks in advance before you need them, and eat somewhere else. Peoples Lodge and Restaurant Their view deck is a narrow verandah which can seat about 10 people, tho it is a squeeze to get in and out. There are many more tables inside.The verandah is certainly a tight-laced place to sit and have a beer or a meal. The view is almost the same as that which you will see from Sanafe. The service is a bit slow but the food is OK I have eaten here countless times. Uyamis discolor View Lodge Their food is great and so is the service. There is n o verandah so the view can only be enjoyed by looking out through the window. Some of the meals I had here in January 2010 were Tinolang Manok with rice (chicken cuts with vegetables in a ginger flavored soup) P110 curry and rice P80 sauteed leafy vegetables P50 all very delicious.Accommodation The peak season is the Christmas/New year period and the easter week (holy week) and some guest supports may charge more over those two weeks ask when you book. Peoples Lodge and Restaurant It is laid right in the heart of town and this is where I normally stay. The last time was in January 2010. Because the rooms are at the back of the building, they are generally quiet, unless you have noisy neighbors. The rooms are typical backpacker type old, very basic, but clean lavish. All except for a few rooms have private bathrooms with hot showers.These showers fluctuate between many temperature ranges during a single wash but that is be quiet much better than a cold shower. Sanafe Lodge and Restaurant Their new rooms are the nicest I have seen in town and the decor reflects good taste in interior design very unusual to see in this part of the world. Some of the new rooms have nice views over the rice terraces also. I did notice a musty face in the rooms though and I was told it was because they have been newly particolored it could be why? There are also budget rooms available, which are OK, but I think there is better repute in town.Sanafe is right in the inwardness of town. Banaue Hotel This is a large hotel hard with 81 rooms, a 200 seat restaurant and an outside liquid pool. It is the only hotel type accommodation that you are going to find anyplace in the Ifugao province. It is government owned and lam and has some of the hallmarks of a hotel run by a bureaucracy short on mutationds. I clutch it is not very profitable. I was told in January 2010, that there was no profit at the hotel because they didnt have the budget for it yet. That is surprising given it costs P999 a month for a SmartBro Wi-Fi connection and a few super C pesos for a router.The rooms are quite spacious but emphatically not modern. The hotel was built in 1974 with a second wing added some time later. The carpets and soft furnishes show stains and wear but not enough to put you off. The restaurant looks nice and has some good views, but I have not eaten there so I cant comment on the food but no one has ever recommended it to me in all the old age I have been coming to Banaue. Banaue spring chicken Hostel This hostel is run by the same government department as the Banaue Hotel and it is on the same grounds. The dormitories are neat and clean, but from what I saw, not popular with the holidaymakers.I hear that they are mostly apply by groups of students. If you are traveling alone, it may be a good option because the cost is very low. Uyamis Green View Lodge Their rooms are nice, simple and clean, but a bit repulsiveness because of the dark timber em ploy throughout definitely outlay a look though. The woody feel about the place may be more to your liking than Peoples Lodge. I have not stayed here, but I like the food in their restaurant. Uyamis Green View Lodge is in the center of town and only 50 meters down the road from Peoples Lodge. FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS (Accredited) design of geological systemal formation visit SpecialtyHidden Valley Food Haus Ilogue, Tam-an, Banaue Filipino Dishes superman FACILITIES Company hang Destination Departure Travel Time Fare Address/Tel. No. Schedule Reg. Dangwa Tranco Banaue-Baguio 700 am 8 hrs. P190. 00 700 p. m. 8hrs. P190. 00 Dangwa Tranco Banaue-Manila 700 am 9 hrs. P180. 00 Cubao, Quezon City Manila-Banaue 730 am 8 hrs. P210. 00 Terraces Transport Kiangan-Baguio 500 p. m. 10 hrs. P180. 00 Kiangan, Ifugao Baguio-Kiangan 700 p. m. P180. 00 Ohayami Trans Lagawe-Baguio 500 p. m. 8 hrs. P180. 00 Jeepneys Solano-Banaue P45. 00 Lagawe-Banaue P20. 00 MISCELLANEOUS SHOPPING CENTER/STORE ADDRE SSBanaue Trade pore Lailanies Furniture Shop Banaue, Ifugao Sta. Maria Alfonso totala, Ifugao Binwihans Basketry Lo-Hana Handicrafts Trade union Banaue O-ong, Hingyon, Ifugao BJ Handmade Paper Pulp Lourdes Curio Shop Lagawe, Ifugao Cababuyan, Hingyon, Ifugao Brookside Furniture Handicrafts Lovinias Furniture Shop Maituo Lagawe, Ifugao Sta. Maria, Alfonso namea, Ifugao Buhles Garments Maphod Weaving Hingyon, Ifugao Amganad, Banaue Camp 7 ever so Manual Marbys Handicrafts Trade Center Banaue, Ifugao Hapao, Hungduan, Ifugao Dumangeng Handicraft Furniture Matanglag tan SmithAmganad, Banaue, Ifugao Manglag, Banaue, Ifugao Easters Handicrafts Pnkihans Ethnic craft Banaue, Ifugao Poblacion, Banaue Elnoras Clothing Center Pinto Furniture Shop Piwong, Hingyon, Ifugao Pinto, Alfonso Lista, Ifugao Elvira Wood Industry Romalyn Woodcarving Kiangan, Ifugao Hingyon, Ifugao gracility Handicrafts Wild Wings Jusfa Poblacion West, Lagawe Kinakin, Banaue, Ifugao J E Handicrafts Worwor Handic rafts Hapao, Hungduan, Ifugao Banaue, Ifugao Kimmayong Primitive Products Handicrafts COMMUNICATION FACILITIES Name of Establishment Address JRS Lagawe, Ifugao POST OFFICE All municipalitiesTelecommunications All municipalities municipal Telephones All Municipalities except Tinoc and Asipulo Medical Facilities Name of Institution Address Ifugao churl infirmary Natuwolan, Lagawe Mayoyao District Hospital Mayoyao Goodnews Clinic Banaue, Ifugao Lamut District Hospital Panopdopan, Lamut Tinoc District Hospital Tinoc EDUCATIONAL CENTER Ifugao Collge of Arts and Trades Lagawe Ifugao State College of Agri conclusion and Forestry Nayon, Lamut BANKS Name of trust Address serve Offered Philippine National rely Lagawe, Poblacion Savings/time deposit Telegraphic transfers Change foreign notesLand Bank of the Philippines Lagawe, Ifugao Savings/time deposit Telegraphic transfers Change foreign currency Banaue Cooperative Bank Banaue, Ifugao Savings deposit loans tourism Oriented Org anizations Ifugao churl Tourism Council Mrs. Herminigilda Dulinayan Chairperson C/o churl Capitol Lagawe, Ifugao Municipality Name Address Alfonso Lista Glen Prudencio Municipal Hall, Alfonso Lista Banaue Estelita De Leon Sanafe Lodge, Banaue Lagawe Erlinda Habawel C/o Municipal Hall, Lagawe Kiangan Manuel Dulawan C/o Municipal Hall, Kiangan Mayoyao Corazon Montinig C/o Municipal Hall, Mayoyao . Infrastructure LAGAWE, IfugaoThe Department of Public whole kit and caboodle and Highways (DPWH)-First District Engineering District is working overtime in the murder of infrastructure projects amounting to P120,661,000 for Fiscal Year 2012 before rains pour down by next month. District Engineer Alberto Gahid explained that the asphalt overlay along Nueva Vizcaya-Ifugao-Mt. Province demarcation road is al regain P1,866,000 allocation for the rehabilitation/re edifice/upgrading of close upaged paved national roads is at P54,163,000 and the road upgrading along Banaue-Hungduan-Benguet Bo undary pass gets P64,632,000.The First Engineering District covers the national road from Lamut to Banaue and Hungduan. The second regulate covers Banaue to Alfonso Lista national road. Gahid believes that the said infrastructure projects will help boost the sparing situation of the people. Most common problems encountered were slippery and dangerous mountain trails, overlook of security, no first aid assistance, dirty drainage canals and lack of printed materials about Banaue. Wednesday, May 9, 2012KIANGAN, Ifugao &8212 The World heritage Committee (WHC) deep released the infrastructure guidelines for the Ifugao strain Terraces to address issues covering its structure, houses, roads, dams, bridges and adjunct structures. Copies of the guidelines were distributed to the six affected barangays and stakeholders heterogeneous in the economy, protection and maintenance of the terraces, which is enshrined in the World Heritage List by the United Nations Educational, Scientific a nd ethnic Organization (Unesco).The Kiangan Municipal Tourism Council was also given a copy to spearhead the dissemination of the guidelines. Municipal Tourism Officer Eulalie Dulnuan said since this is a cultural landscape, the realms of anthropology, architecture, engineering and environmental ethics were assessed and incorporated and the resulting infrastructure guidelines specified in the publication considered the ever-changing needs of the communities and attempted to find sustainable solutions to contemporary problems.The infrastructure guidelines for the rice terraces was the result of the collaborative project between the University of Santo Thomas Center for the saving of Cultural Property in the Tropics, the National Commission for Culture and Arts, Ifugao Provincial Government and the Unesco. Unesco noted for years now, the Ifugao rice Terraces has been hailed for its beauty and grandeur and as a national treasure considered the 8th Wonder of the World even prior to it s inclusion among the World Heritage Sites in 1995.But beyond its grand design and beauty, studies have uncovered the terraces is a complex trunk going beyond structure and aesthetics and to understand the treasure that is the rice terraces is to understand a peoples mindset, culture and traditions linked to the logic of the terraces architecture and engineering.This interdependence between culture and design, life ways and structure, functions and form has led to its classification as a cultural landscape, which are offices that are combined works of nature and man and illustrative of the evolution of human society and settlements over time under the influence of physical constraints and or opportunities presented by their natural environment and of successive social, economic and cultural forces both external and internal. This complex system and way of life that sustained the globe of the terraces for two millennia were important considerations in addressing the terraces prese nt state of degradation and the UNESCO cited the terraces are in extreme danger because all the intertwined factors conserving the delicate equalizer of culture and nature expressed in this powerful landscape are extremely stressed by 20th century demands on tribal life.Thus the issue for terraces is mainly a question not only of preservation but of sustainability with the onslaught of change and contemporary realities which threaten the delicate balance of the terraces system leading to grave damages and in which the infrastructure guidelines search to address. The project to come up with the infrastructure guidelines began with a monthly lecture-workshop series in 2009 which provided a forum for dialogue among the stakeholders which tackled the four major areas directly affecting the infrastructure of the terraces namely anthropology, engineering, architecture and end environmental ethics.It is one of the requirements to facilitate the reclassification of the rice terraces fro m the World Heritage in Danger List to the standard World Heritage List and also serve to extension the Conservation and Management Plan submitted to the UNESCO which addresses the components of bio-physical, socio-cultural and support systems.The lecture-workshop also documented the autochthonic knowledge shared by the Ifugao experts and participants to enable a discharge and hi-fi translation of the working paradigms practiced in the four terraces clusters in Ifugao located in the municipalities of Kiangan, Banaue, Hungduan and Mayoyao because they share similar issues to be addressed. (Dan B. Codamon) 4. Attractions Banaue is the gateway to the UNESCO World Heritage listed Ifugao rice terraces of Northern Luzon. The Banaue environs are visually glorious, high in the mountains, sometimes shrouded in mist and cool down rain.The rice terraces are a fab testament to the inspired agricultural engineering of the Ifugao people. Some of these terraces were constructed 2000 rundow n years ago, and all are legato in use today. The outmatch time to go is between February and May end, when it is least likely that the views will be obscured by low level clouds. Tourists come here to enjoy the scenery, to gaze at it from one of the many view points, to trek through it, or to wake up in it. I remember how awed I was by the scale of these rice terraces on my first visit some 10 years ago.I have been to or through Banaue more than 50 times since and often take the scenery for given now. For me, the pleasure of visiting Banaue is staying in Batad or Bangaan, and waking up in the morning with the view of the terraces through my window this I cant tire of. My last visit to Banaue and Batad was in January 2010. For more information about Batad, see myBatad Travel and Accommodation string I dont particularly like the town of Banaue, and only stay there for an occasional(prenominal) overnight.The town center is ramshackle and ugly, like most towns in the Philippines , but fortunately it is only a tiny blot on this bulky landscape. If your time is limited, as is often the case with Filipino tourists or Manila base expats, then the centrality of Banaue makes it a good base while taking in as many sights as possible, especially if you dont have your own transport. A walk down the road along the valley is a nice thing to do, just for the sweet-scented air and great views of the tangle of buildings along the main road. On the way back to town, brave the swing bridge.UNESCO describes the Banaue Rice Terraces thus The Ifugao Rice Terraces epitomize the unassailable blending of the physical, socio-cultural, economic, religious, and political environment. Indeed, it is a living cultural landscape of unique beauty. This culture that built and maintained the terraces is rapidly disintegrating though, and in 2001, the Ifugao rice terraces were put on the List of World Heritage in Danger. As can be expected, the newer generations of Ifugaos do not as pire to the toil and hard labor of their ancestors. As a consequence, many of the narrower and low-productive terraces are falling into disrepair.In the future, more and more of the upkeep will be carried out by contract laborers, probably from tourism funding, or the terraces may decay like a house of cards. Have a look at how narrow some of the terraces are and then imagine how little divulge could come from such a tiny strip of land regard that up against the amount of backbreaking work required for such a miniscule return. For now the terraces are still in pretty good shape, and you wont be disappointed with what you see. The Ifugao people were a wild race. Tribal wars were common and headhunting expeditions between warring tribes were commonplace in years past.Their history has produced a super strong, proud people, quite different in appearance to other provincial peoples shorter, muscular from a very chic age, darker skin tone and broader features. Occasionally one m ay see an old man or woman in traditional loincloth or tapis shopping at the local market, but for younger people this clothing is reserved for traditional celebrations. Some elders wear the tapis, etc. for painting opportunities with tourists, and for which it is a courtesy to pay maybe P20 pesos each to the people in this photograph.There is no land willpower around the terraces as such, but only the right to till, plant, harvest and maintain their family plots. Once the family ceases to do this, ownership of the land passes to another, be it a neighboring farmer or sex act of the original owners. Souvenir Hunting in Banaue Banaue has always been known for its wood carving and basketry. Over the many years of tourism and collecting, the genuine antiques have disappeared, to be replaced by awful mass-produced tourist items ranging from dried anuran key rings to horrible wooden ashtrays. Weaving has become another tourist item suffering from mass production.However, for the adv enturous seeker uncoerced to poke around in dark shops and dusty corners, there are still treasures to be found. The Bulol, or rice guard, is found everywhere. Quite recently carved and carefully aged, some of these pieces would stand up well in a collection of primitive art. Traditional utilitarian items like carved wooden chests, chairs and wooden bowls, fantastically carved doors and panels, are all still available for those who look carefully. Many designs are contemporary, but based on traditional ideas. In one shop I found a 1. 5 meter Dragon Bike all carved from wood, even the wheels.The craftsmanship was superb and it was designed to be dismantled for transport. It was a functioning bike, relying purely on gravity to move about otherwise, man power to push. Recently woven basketry is not very good these days, universe produced in mass. It is possible to find treasures, as I did, but anything worth buying will come in from outlying villages where the crafts are still pra cticed traditionally. Knowing what to look for certainly helps. The Family Gift Shop, on the at peace(predicate) end road heading to the Municipal Hall, is big and has a good collection of panels and carved wooden items at the back.Mary Ann C. Tacio Souvenir, on the way up the hill heading out of the very Center of town, had the fabulous bike amongst other interesting things. Ifugao is endowed with historical, cultural, natural and man-made tourist spots and attractions, which can lure any nature-loving tourist. The range of attraction offered in Ifugao is clustered according to municipalities HISTORICAL Philippine state of war Memorial close in (Kiangan) Gigantic memorial shrine to commemorate the end of World War II. It is a concrete pyramid type structure, which resembles an oversized Ifugao native house located at Linda, Kiangan.It depicts historical events from Filipino opposition, to the Death March and the purpose of the Ifugao and American troops in the defeat of General Yamashita. It could be used as a viewpoint of the Poblacion, other neighboring barangays and the capital town of Lagawe. The shrine is ten (10) kilometers away or 15 minutes drive from the capital town. Million Dollar Hill The hill overlooking the Poblacion of Kiangan. It got its name from the last war when the allied armies spent millions of dollars worth of bombs and ammunitions to annihilate the enemies in the area. General Yamashitas Surrender SiteHouse relics memorializing the end of W. W. II in the Philippines. Details of the throw overboard and signing are available. From here, General Yamashita was brought to Baguio for his formal surrender to the victorious Allies. Mt. Nagchayan The site where Japanese troops fought fierce battles during W. W. II. The mountain has several(prenominal) grottos stone walled trenches and foxholes. One can also find rusty shells on this old battleground. CULTURAL Ifugao Museum (Kiangan) This museum displays Ifugao artifacts and is under the su pervision of the National Museum of the Philippines.It is 32 meters away facing the shrine and ccc meters away from the Municipal Hall. Tam-an Village A typical village situated 240 steps down from the Banaue Hotels swimming pool. Woodcarving and hand woven products are produced and sold to travelers. Bokiawan Village Twelve (12) kilometers from Banaue located in the center of the Bokiawan rice terraces where traditional Ifugao practices of land use and livelihood still exist. Pula and Cambulo Native Village Is a rustic village in the first leg of the trekking route from Banaue viewpoint to Banga-an. This cobbled stone village offers a native house stay.The ancient craft of bark cloth weaving thrives here. Apfo or Burial Tombs These are large stone mausoleums containing the bones of the towns ancient warriors and elite. The construction of these Igloos represents the resourceful use of Ifugao stoning technique. Makaliwagha & Lebhong Burial Caves Are fill up with wood coffins and the remains of the first people of Mayoyao. A legend tells of an thoughtful lizard leading people to these three chambers designating each one for men, women and children. Lumauig Stone Is a huge enchanted black rock held by only three smaller stones in the middle of the Balangbang river.It is believed to mean that Mayoyao people will stay strong and happy as long as the stone stands. OTHER SCENIC SITES Bocos Village Poitan Village Batad Village Hapao Village Bangaan Village Ducligan Village These villages are characterized by the presence of a hygienic community where the livelihood activities are within the surroundings, and the houses are clustered in a designated area. They showcase the typical Ifugao community. NATURAL Bintakan Cave (Lagawe) It is located at the rocky slope of Ibulao, which is about 2 kilometers from the provincial capitol. The talk of the sabotage is overlooking the Ibulao River.It is a three-room cave with dripping water that forms stalactites and stalag mites of different beautiful shapes. It can be reached by tricycle ride and 20-minute ascent to the mouth of the cave. Nah-toban Cave (Lagawe) The cave is much larger than Bintakan Cave and has a locomote entrance with four rooms but there are still other rooms unexplored. It is located at Boliwong, Lagawe, about 4 kilometers hike from the Poblacion passing through trails. Huge quantities of guano are found in the cave. Tocucan sulfur Hot bounds (Tinoc) A sulfuric hot spring at Barangay Tukukan in the Municipality of Tinoc.This can be reached by a two-hour hike from Monsoyosoy, Buguias, and Benguet. Guihob congenital Swimming Pool (Banaue) A four kilometer drive from Banaue, Poblacion. One has to hop and jump over huge boulders to reach the crystal clear waters of Guihob. It is a perfect place for those who prefer a cool and refreshing swim. Tappiya waterfalls (Banaue) About 30 minutes from Batad Village is a cascading waterfall with its enormous natural pool for swimming. A v isit to Batad would be sketchy without seeing this beautiful waterfall. Buyukan Waterfalls (Hungduan)This can only be reached by a three-hour hike from Poblacion, Hungduan. This is located in Barangay Abatan and is near the border of Hungduan and Tinoc municipalities. Ambuwaya Lake (Kiangan) Legend says that the area was once a large sitio that became a lake because some children killed and made fun of the leeches in the spring. The lake is deep and good for swimming and boating. The shaded surroundings is an ideal place for picnics. It is now the site of a research on fishing culture. The lake is four (4) kilometers from the town center of Kiangan and can be reached by four-wheel drive vehicles.Ducligan Hot Springs (Banaue) These hot springs are found at the bank of Ducligan River and near to a deep pool. Ducligan is 21 kilometers away from the Poblacion. O phaw Mahencha Falls (Leap of Mahencha) Located about six kilometers from the town proper is a series of high cascading falls . local folklore says that a beautiful Mahencha had to jump 13 to 5 meters into the water to phone her native amber necklace which fell while she was taking a bath. Tenogtog Water Falls Located five kilometers from town, it has three natural pools rising about 12 meters from each other.The water falls from the pool cascades to the next in beautiful succession. Untouched by human hands, these natural pools provide clear cool mountain spring water. Bagnit Waterfalls and Numbungug Waterfalls Are located in Julongan barangay. Bagnit is a stunning series of cascading falls running over 250 feet, while Numbungug Waterfall is a single majestic fall of over 80 feet into height falling to the Ibulao river tributaries. Chuyong Viewpoint Is located near the town proper which affords a panoramic vista of the Mayoyao World Heritage site cluster. The halo of the site is unrivaled. Kibayuyong StoneThis is a legendary stone which lies next to the Hapao river. The site offers an adventurous spot for river swimming and diving. Bogya Hot Springs Is located in Ba-ang that lie in the Hapao river which serves as delightful respite after trekking. MAN make Banaue Rice Terraces (Banaue) Dubbed as the Eight Wonder of the World. The rice terraces start from the base of the mountain range and reach up to several thousands feet high. It is said that its length, if put end to end would encircle half of the globe. Made 2,000 years ago, these rice terraces manifest the engineering skill and ingenuity of the sturdy Ifugaos.In 1995, it was inscribed in the UNESCO Heritage List as a Continuing Cultural Landscape. Batad Rice Terraces (Banaue) These rice terraces are shaped like of an amphitheater and is located in barangay Batad. It can be reached by a twelve-kilometer ride from Banaue Hotel and a 2-hour hike uphill through mountain trails. Mayoyao Rice Terraces (Mayoyao) This spot is 44 kilometers away from Poblacion, Banaue. The Poblacion of Mayoyao lies in the midst of these rice terrac es thus upon arrival in the town, one is awed with a breathtaking view of the rice terraces where all the dikes are tiered with flat stones.Hapao Rice Terraces (Hungduan) This is another stonewalled rice terraces located in the municipality of Hungduan and is 55 kilometers from the capital town of Lagawe. Magat Dam (Alfonso Lista) It is reputedly the biggest dam in Asia. This is located near the municipality of Alfonso Lista and about 25 kilometers from the town center of Santa Maria. Nagacadan Rice Terraces Are found in Kiangan and these show how forest forethought and rice terracing are complementary. SPECIAL INTEREST Mt. AmuyaoThis 8th highest peak in the Philippines with an elevation of 2,702 meters (8,865) above sea level is located between the boundary line of Banaue and Mayoyao and between Ifugao and Mountain Province. Its summit provides the climber with a breath-taking perspective of Mountain Province, Isabela, Nueva Viscaya and Ifugao. Mayoyao legend says that the first Ifugao couple, Bugan and Wigan took refuge in this mountain during the 40-day alluvion that inundated the province. Being the only survivors, they became the first ancestors of the Ifugaos. Mount NapulawanLocated in the municipality of Hungduan, this mountain is very accessible to mountain trekkers. The thick tropical rain forest and its rare flora fascinate conquerors of this peak. Trees near the peak are unusually short. Mount Anapawon Centrally located in Ifugao, this mountain peak is considered a potential camping site to be developed in the province. It provides a breathtaking view of Hungduan municipality, and the low-lying municipalities of Lagawe and Kiangan and the rice terraces of Hingyon. 5. Hospitality profits The people in Banaue are said to be very accommodating. big service is their specialty. The service, care and hospitality were the best on their menu card. The tourist said that they were comfortable around the tour guides and they were fun to be with. The facul ty in Native lodge Village can communicate mightily with their guest and they were very generous. They offer service with warm smile and a hospitable atmosphere. The restaurant offers Western and Philippine dishes and has an open-pit fireplace. II. Tour Packages A. Letter of intention 18, March, 2013 Miss Tantuco Eagle Travel Agency Makati City Re 3D/2N Manila-Banaue, Ifugao tour Dear Miss Tantuco,We are pleased to present to you our piece of land proposal for your Manila to Banaue, Ifugao 3D/2N dated Oct. 11-13, 2013. Following another parcel of land cost on a per person stand. Base on a half twin sacramental manduction. Total package cost 2-4 5-10 11-15 Half reduplicate Sharing 950 950 950 Inclusions * 3D/2N accommodation based on twin sharing * Transportation from Manila to Banaue Banaue to Manila * Visits on Tam-an Village, Banaue Museum, Banaue Rice Terraces, Banaue Viewpoint Hapao Rice Terraces, Hugduan Rice Terraces, Batad Rice Terraces, Tappiyah Waterfalls, Banga-an Village, Mayoyao Village, Mount Amuyao, Duclingan Hot Spring * Entrance fees Service and Tour Guide/Coordinator * Food and Beverages Should you find the above quotation favorable, we implore a full payment upon reservation/ confirmation of your bookings. If you have any question/clarifications dont hesitate to call us at the following numbers Landline Phone and look for for more information. spirit forward to your favorable response regarding this matter Respectfully yours, B. Skeletal itinerary Banaue, Ifugao day 1 Tam-an Village Banaue Museum Banaue Rice Terraces Banaue Viewpoint sidereal day 2 Hapao Rice Terraces Hugduan Rice Terraces Batad Rice Terraces Tappiyah Waterfalls Day3Banga-an Village Mount Amuyao Duclingan Hot Spring C. Technical Itinerary Manila to Banaue, Ifugao 3D/2N DATE TIME ACTIVITIES HOTEL Day 1 11, Oct 2013 2200H ETD Esteban Street, Makati City via Van 0600H ETA at Hotel Native Village youth hostel 0600H-0700H Check in Native Village lodge 0700H-0800H breakfast at Hotel Native Village Inn 0800H-1 ascorbic acidH Free Time 1100H-1200H tiffin at Hotel Native Village Inn 1250H-1340H ETA in Tam-an Village 1350H-1430H Banaue Museum 1450H-1550H Banaue Rice Terraces 1600H-1710H Banaue View Point 1800H ETA at Hotel, Dinner Native Village InnDay 2 12, Oct 2013 0700H-0800H Breakfast at Hotel Native Village Inn 0850H-0940H ETA Hapao Rice Terraces 0950H-1020H Hugduan Rice Terraces 1050H1200H Batad Rice Terraces 1230H-1330H Packed Lunch at Tappiyah Waterfalls 1330H-1600H Tappiyah Waterfalls 1700H ETA Hotel Native Village Inn 1800H Dinner at Hotel Native Village Inn Day 3 13, Oct 2013 0700H-0800H Breakfast at Hotel Native Village Inn 0830H-0930H Banga-an Village 0950H-1030H Mount Amuyao 1100H-1200H Lunch at Hotel Native Village Inn 1200H-1 three hundredH Check out 1340H-1700H Duclingan Hot Spring Dinner at Duclingan Hot Spring (pax account) 1700H ETD at Duclingan via Van 1700H-0100H ETA in Makati City D. d escriptive Itinerary Day 1 All passengers must arrive at the said time of departure at Esteban Street, Makati City via Van the journey is an 8hour trip Manila to Banaue. The estimated time of arrival is at 6 o time in the morning. Our check in time is 6 oclock in the morning in Native Village Inn and the breakfast will serve at 7 oclock (English Breakfast 2 fried eggs, bacon, beans, 2 slices of toasted bread cover marmalade, coffee or tea. and you are given a 3hour free time to roam around, relax and sightseeing. Lunch at the hotel. (Marinated chicken with fresh vegetables and rice, fresh fruit shake made from fresh fruits with milk. ) After lunch we will now go to Tam-an Village for sightseeing, take some picture and after tam-an village, we will go to Banaue museum and explore the museum and after the museum we will go to Banaue rice terraces and Banaue viewpoint after a long trip, dinner at the hotel (Pork or Chicken adobo with potatoes or rice. ) Day 2Call time 645 in the morni ng, breakfast (Filipino Breakfast garlic fried rice with 2 eggs, corned beef, coffee or tea. Fresh fruit book mango, banana, papaya, watermelon, melon, orange (choice of four) is serve at 700 in the morning. Estimated time of arrival at Hapao rice terraces is 850 in the morning. After Hapao rice terraces we will go now to Hugduan terraces and after that we will go now to Batad terraces and packed Lunch (Pork tenderloin stew with hash brown potatoes and fresh vegetables. (Fresh fruit platter watermelon, papaya, banana, melon) at Tappiyah waterfalls.Estimated time of arrival at the hotel is at 500 in the afternoon. Dinner at the Hotel (Pork or chicken chopsuey with rice) Day 3 Breakfast at Hotel (Continental breakfast 2 slices of toast bread, butter, 3slices of merchandise cheese and marmalade, coffee or tea) after breakfast go to Banga-an Village, Mount Amuyao , Lunch at the hotel at 1100-1200 noon. Check out time is at 1200-100 in the afternoon. After check out go directly to Ducl ingan Hot Spring. Dinner is a pax account basis estimated time of departure in Duclingan hot spring is at 500 in the afternoon.Estimated time of arrival in Makati City is at 100 in the morning. III. Costing SERVICES 2-4 5-10 11-15 GUIDE SWB/S T/ florid Transportation(Manila to Banaue, Banaue to Manila) for 3days 1085 434 200 Hotel Breakfast 250 250 250 Entrance fee 20 20 20 20 Whole day tour 300 300 300 Hotel Lunch 410 410 410 410 Hotel Dinner 320 320 320 Overnight 950 950 950 475 250 Hotel Breakfast 400 400 400 Whole day tour 300 300 300 Packed Lunch 520 520 520 520 Hotel dinner 250 250 250 Overnight 950 950 950 475 250 Hotel Breakfast 250 250 250 Whole day tour 250 250 250 Entrance fee 100 100 100 100 Hotel Lunch 510 510 510 Dinner (pax acc) (pax acc) (pax acc) Guide Fee 2500 1000 455 Subtotal 9365 6780 6235 1050 950 500 Prorate Guide 525 210 95 Total 9890 6990 6330 950 500 Mark-up (25%) 2473 1748 1583 238 125 Net to Operator 12363 8738 7913 Round off 12370 -8740 -7920