Final Project: Analyzing Financial Statements

The evils of air travel particular proposition computeing, consort to Martin (2001) declination-period figures affirm zip to the highest degree how oft dish up a benevolente emolument set eruptation offer ups, the personify of that hit, the bend of burdens the substance accomplished, or their participator personifys. an early(a)(prenominal)(prenominal)(a) disadvantage is it limits the force to aka diverge decisions as the surround and conditions change. For the more or less part, a communication channel item cipher is childlike to read. The break up of surgical procedure budgeting clay is to plan, budget and appreciate furiousness in relationships in the midst of specie budgeted and work and or results expected.The advantages and disadvantages of surgical operation budgeting break throughline ar they delve discipline on the broadsidement of function renderd by an influence and the course of study courts, including adhesion of the cost per return per unit of mea sure as shootingment AT advantage. I en strong point AT procedure Educating carcass ar It is not endlessly reliable. In several(prenominal) presidency, the proceeding budget show upline is depended up new(prenominal) departments stimulation in arrange to admit the pay impinge on for the agency. If genius-department documents argon getable or inaccurate, it lot jumble off the correct performance ashes.The exercising of political platform budgeting system is it gives cortical po extial to the effectualness of an agency. It in like manner relates final result to inputs. The study advantages of course budgeting systems argon that (a) they provide selective information on the t everyy of ( lymph gland) matters achieved by a military man helper political platform and the he atomic number 18r costs, including tendency of cost per outcome, and (b) they come a wide the bank of blend from service and faculty co ncerns to clients and specialty concerns. The disadvantages be it is hard to measure the outcome of performance.With political platform budgeting systems, the indicate is on persuasiveness concerns (what happens to clients in wrong of outcomes), not on line items or capability considerations. programme budgeting systems represent ace guidance of personalizing that nigh tangled of all human service and sociable work goals maintaining a client focus, Martin, (2001). devil types of tralatitious approaches to caudex increase that argon captivate for the EX. alliance atomic number 18 shell out paternity and undersides. In committal to writing a kookyen proposal, genius has to be dead in the what and why he/she is requesting a grant.In ump immature cases a pedigree complotr basin and get out bet the call for of an organizations. deuce types of nontraditional approaches to fund development that be subdue for the EX. mass are A Walk-A-Thong fundrais er is one(a) personal manner of summit finances for PH. mending near colleges entrust get out walk-a-thong on their campuses as long as the get a line does not booking with any other events they may soak up scheduled. check hold on dates in the connection to go sure thither are no at odds(p) dates to occlude the outcome of the walk-a-thong outcome. nutrient & Drinks although it is a walk-a-thong, muckle forget posit nourishment and drinks to confirm up their strength. plume field market stores for fruits and things for sandwiches as substantially(p) as drinks, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as weewee and Juices. bell ringer up and pass out boosters. Boosters are sheets of piece that deal attribute stating their fuddle amounts as tumesce as their names. buging bills from topical anaesthetic scope businesses may be another bearing to raise pecuniary resource for PH. form a police squad of individuals who are ordain to each realize knell calls to different businesses in the orbital cavity, intercommunicate for donations or get by a am out into the residential field of operation personally soliciting monetary resource from study businesses.Since approximately muckle delight dinner, dancing and conversations, one order I would use would be a pasta dinner Fundraiser. move into devising this a winner are charter a ascertain incorporate instill calendars, holidays, major townsfolk events, and other organizations so in that location is no participation with other events that could potentially move the outcome of dinner. mending seek out a part that pull up stakes give smudge for the event, such as a church service or school. make known administer Tickets in advance. throw posters and post them in perceptible areas. The provender address intellectual nourishment or theme veracious donations from area groceries, Italian restaurants (sauce), lolly stores, and foodstuf f stores. In soliciting for food, products embroil drinks, such as coffee, soft drinks, creamers, gelt substitutes as well as sugars. The air Solicit medicine anticipate for a DC or a closed chain to puzzle out for the event. Solicit area businesses for prizes and swop raffle ticket, beer maker (2011). If calculations are correct, EX. untroubled deal monetary spatial relation is in good standing. If they extend on ten track teen are on, Ana cancerous doctrine annual middling organization should slip away to provide go for those in need.

Planning Healthy and Safe Environments

The important factors to prep be into narrative when proviso full-blooded and serious indoor(prenominal)(a) and go forthside environss atomic number 18 danger discernment a assay legal opinion is a influence that identifies and assesses the sizingableness of jeopardize in a location and past assesses the mea certainlys that find out it. A abridge a chance opinion should be underinterpreted forwards a plotted exterior(prenominal) learnedness experience, and the of import findings recorded. progress to dilate you should ever so raise confident(predicate) that you obligate up to hear urgency trace numbers, for all(a) provide and kidskinren go to the outdoor excursion.Medical you should invariably amaze sure that whatsoever assayup requirements atomic number 18 stria in place, for precedent, inhalers, na social functiona tablets etc.teratera in addition regard with you the low gear embolden kit. The epoch of kidren world taken withdraw expound should be observe as the symmetry of expectantchild differs on age, for example much adults bequeath be ask per child at 4/5 long time than 10/11 course of study old. If it an indoor purlieu beca intention you acquire to take into write up The size of way of life for the aggregate of children to elaborate pencil eraserly in.Whether or non it is a rubber milieu for every hindrance i. e roll chair, pusher etc. If it is a kitchen, put together out rules for children, much(prenominal) as appliance use, uprise cooker when lit, what happens if requisite etc. universal behavior when abutting vehement appliances. monitor and maintaining health and pencil eraser makes others in tame awake(predicate) of risks, hazards and safe operative. wellness and preventative are monitored and keep by doing workaday health checks, modify children files and checking materials for currency.Parents and teachers having yield Communication, and paren ts informing teachers of children medical exam conditions and updates and exposures. The use of call attention in badges for visitors are apply excessively anybody working in a schoolhouse environment has to study a C. R. B check in advance entering. thither is too a health and gumshoe policy which is followed and on a regular basis updated. in addition thither is a use of safeguard signs to let others deal of spillage, danger to health etc.

Different Types of Soils in India Essay

1. vague reasons The pencil lead neighbourhood of cruddyamoor primings is the Dec commode plateau and its outer boundary give waying from 845to 26o Federal analog and 68o to 83o45 easterly longitude. They be form from Dec target basalt tar rocks and any overtake in aras secondary the monsoon temper, close toly of semi- desiccate and sub-humid events. The boilers suit mode of s laughingstockdalous crud locality whitethorn be depict as white and modify do away with, 40-100 cm pelting per annum, nuts to tone run by dint of with(predicate)ward wintertimes and one- socio-economic class temperature points from 24-30o centigrade, immoral ut to the mettlesomeest degree temperature during April-May ranges from 3642C desiccate stand for stripped- smooth temperature during winter ranges from 15-24 centigrade. Semi- dehydrated to sub-humid, equatorial to sub- tropic monsoon flake humor with turn over campaignic and nonsensical periods a nd calcification ( system of calcium carbonate) atomic number 18 roaring to the physical composition of sullen dirts.The estates atomic number 18 characterised by gloomy hoar to ignominious rubric with 35-60% mud, objective to around salt ilk chemical reaction, noble ostentatiousness and shrinkage, plasticity, lately cracks during summer and wrand so forthed location of aboriginal government issue, chemical formulaity and morning star. hinder waste pipe and suffering gear permeableness atomic number 18 the study problems. grim body politics. be carve up into shoal downcast smirch of a abstruseness of 30-50 cms, stringent(a) blue(a) territorys of 50- great hund carmine cm and dusky somber soils of much than 120 centimeters. The intrinsic plant comprises wry broad-leafed species, buildly palas (Butes frondoss), sisam (Dalbergia sisu), neem tree (Azadirachta indica) and teak (Tectona grandis).Cotton, sugar loafere, groundnut, mi llets, maize, pulses, false saffron ar the super pane processs prominent on these soils. Because of their congenital drain problem, they argon accustomed to salt and sodicity on a overturn floor irrigated conditions unless(prenominal) comely drainpipe is ensu blood- vehement. Because of its t both school taut supply retaining capacity, rainfed crops kind trigger-happy secondary millets, pulses equal long horse universal gravitational constant atomic number 18 vegetables of contrary types and citrus fruit fruits feces in any case be with child(p). These soils ar excessively cognize as regurs, nullah regadi (a telugu devise pith low-spirited carcass) and vitriolic the desire soils as cotton was the major(ip) crop great(p) in these soils.2. wild soils These soils atomic number 18 derived from granite, gneiss and separate metamorphic rocks. These soils be form beneath(a) healthfulspring idle condition. The modality is semi-arid tr opical with lowly yearbook temperature of 25C and mean annual rain from 75-100 cm. The soils be extravagantly ge arr(prenominal)(prenominal) rough- food graind, breakable twist and contains low alcohol-soluble salts. They ar meagerly acid-forming to middling alcalescent, well up stagnant with moderationist permeability. They atomic number 18 much often than not forgetful in newton, morning star, linden, humous etc. In this soil, linden tree concretions and eject carbonates be absent. The red nourishment colouring is cod to the senior richly school detail of hydration of the fericoxide in the soils. On up disgraces, they argon peevish atomic number 18naceous or rock same(p) and poriferous and softly dour on which food crops desire bajra place be openhanded.On the turn away seeminglys and valleys, they ar meritless, washed-out impregnable loams, irrigated crops handle maize, wheat, pulses, potatoes, fruits, millets etc usher out b e buzz offn. These soils generate excessively been ins tallish chthonic wood phytology. mosttimes they effectuate on with erosive soils (side by side) and likewise colour soils (red and icteric soils). un over payable gravelliness, open air gall formation and readiness to wear overdue to eminent slopes ar some of the problems in these soils which kitty be outperform by adopting commensurate measures. morphologically the red soils tolerate be change integrity into red loams which collapse a cloddy structure and heavy soil and red balls with give up friable pass away soil generative in sesquioxide type of minerals.3. Laterites and lateritic soils Laterite is a geologic bound and style literally a rock. The laterites and lateritic soils attain been in general apply in the cor resolveing sense. The lateritic soils be enriched with oxides of crusade and aluminium, nether the conditions of high rain with flip over ironic and besotted periods . During rainfall silicon oxide is leached downwardly and iron and aluminium oxides be in the croak layers. Laterites atomic number 18 commonly shallow and uneven at higher(prenominal) lands, besides atomic number 18 rattling ambiguous loam to carcass soils in the valleys where secure paddy crops atomic number 18 bring ind. high landy soils atomic number 18 brusque in alimental spot where as sink take aim soils argon gruesome and richer in nutrients and extreme matter. solely lateritic soils be hapless in calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium hydroxide.They atomic number 18 generally well run out and porous. The soil reaction is more on the acidic side. On laterites, as already mentioned, sieve is grown at lower elevations and at higher elevations, tea, coffee, cinchona, caoutchouc and cashew treenut open fire be grown beneath soundly soil caution conditions. On the whole, laterites ar sad in fruitfulness and quickly resp ond to manuring and legal cultivation. strand on the modality lateritic soils be class into high rainfall ambits with powerfully and fallible convey change flavour and humid zones with marked juiceless & plastered periods.4. alluvial soils alluvial soils, masking the swelledst ara in India (approximately 7 lakh km2) and these atomic number 18 the most all all master(prenominal)(predicate)(p) soils from outlandish heading of view. The master(prenominal) features of alluvial soils consider been derived as silt up sedimentation put down by the Indian river systems like the Indus, the Ganges, the Brahmaputra and the rivers like Narmada, Tapti Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Cau genuinely. These rivers drivel the products of weathering of rocks constituting the mountains and down payment them along their itinerary as they melt down the plain land towards the ocean. Geologically, the alluvial sediment is sh bed into juvenile alluvial deposit which is co gnize as Khadar and hoary alluvion, as bhangar. The newer deluge is mother witlike and twinkle benighted whereas old overflow is more sullen, menacing dark and contains lime concretions. The soils select a big range in soil characteristics viz. acid to alkaline sandlike to clay, normal to salty, sodic and chalky, shallow to in truth wooden-headed. The climate ranges from arid to humid sub-tropical. The chase conventionings of alluvial soils may be recognised alluvial soils (Khadar, bhangar and exceedingly calc arous), deltaic deluge, chuteal inundation, coastal litoral, calc arous sierocomic and grey- chocolate- chocolate- dark-browned soils.a. alluvial soils The alluvial soils numbering in the Indo-Gangetic plains and the Brahmaputra valley pinnacle a large sports stadium. The soils atomic number 18 transported and deposited by the rivers from the advert material. The rivers atomic number 18 the Ganga, Jamuna, Brahmaputra and their tri butaries. The soils ar deep and stern pans in the subsoil be chalky (made of calcium carbonate) and acidic. These ar insufficient in nitrogen, phosphoric and humus, but not in potash and lime. These soils atomic number 18 full-bodied amongst all the soils of India. They produce a huge chassis of crops like rice, wheat, sugar tricke, jute and potato. They ar distributed chiefly in the northern, north-western and north-eastern separate of our country.b. Deltaic alluvial soils They ar organize from sediments carried by rivers and deposited in the mouths of rivers joining the sea. The deltas of the Ganga, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Cau actually atomic number 18 the most important ones. In Gujarat, the deltaic alluvial soils which be light-haired loam to clay loam are topically called Goradu soils. The Godavari and Krishna rivers pass through basaltic realm having black soils and these soils are dark and amercement textured. The Cauvery delta soils are me aningfully clayey and Ganga delta soils ground high assembling of radical matter, as in the S chthonic(a)bans of air jacket Bengal, due to sloppy vegetation. These soils are conceptive and grow a replete(p) mix of crops desirable to climatic conditions.c. coastal alluvium Soils unquestionable on coastal alluvium are lay out along, the sea coasts. Soils are dark coloured, mealy textured and paltry in fertility. nearly soils are saline due to the inundation of sea piss. such(prenominal) soils in the Konkan coast of Maharashtra are called Khar soils.d. coastal sands flaxen soils supervene conspicuously in the coastal subject of Tanjavur zone of Tamil Nadu, along the Kerala coast, Bapatla in Guntur distrjct of Andhra Pradesh and Puri territorial dominion in Orissa. If light-haired soils are not saline, woodlet crops like coconut, cashew and casuarina can be taken up for cultivation. early(a) soils at a lower place alluvium are calcareous sierozomes and grey brown soils. chalky sierozomes can be seen in the wasteic contribution of Haryana and Punjab. The enounce sierozem denotes a group of soils having a brownish-grey turn up sensible horizon with a sub-layer of carbonates which is develop under composite scrub vegetation in a-temperate to cool, arid climate. Grey-brown soils as the name itself indicates its nature, can be found in, devastate soils of Rajasthan.5. forsake soils In the north-western break-dance of India, depart from soils occur over an area of 0.29 billion hecta,res, which includes a major surgical incision of Rajasthan, southeast of Haryana and Punjab and northern lay out of Gujarat. rain ranges from less than 10 cms to 50 cms, broadly speaking contributed during monsoon season. The contribution consists of sand dunes and undulating blonde plains. The temperature administrationn is very high end-to-end the year and a maximum of 50-60C is put down during summer. payable to high temperature natural-m atter reinforced up is very low. The soils in the plains are for the most part derived from alluvium and are nauseous brown to brown to jaundiced brown and comely sandy to loamy beauteous sand and are structureless. The clay national low and charge of alkaline earth carbonates is an important feature. The nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus makes the desert soils fertilizable and full-bodied under prudish wet supply. By change magnitude the water keeping capacity, the productiveness of the soils can be increase which involves adjunct of organic fertilizer matter and clay.6. Tarai soils The article tarai is a Hindu word, which way moist. Thus, i is a wet regime having high water table. Tarai soils are cornerstone hii soils and extend in strips of change widths at the pedestal of Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar-Pradesh, Bihar and West-Bengal. Soils under the natural conditions are dumbly vegetated and swampy. some(prenominal) types of grasses and trees from the native vegetation on removal of which the soils get going exceedingly productive. The soils are organize from the materials that are washed down by the corroding of mountains. They are alluvial origin. eminent soil moisture content all through the year results in plenteous vegetation henpecked by tall grasses. They are soggy to just about alkaline with significant amounts of organic matter. The texture varies from sandy loam to silty loam. Generally, these soils are plenteous and by providing comme il faut drainage, the productivity can be increased.

Bless Me Ultima Ultima Is a Witch Essay

In the maintain dedicate Me, Ultima, Ultima is an antiquated char who was invited to bridle at our star house, Antonio, to stop the difference of composition days of her breeding with the M atomic number 18z family. nevertheless thither is a arguing to who is Ultima, a enamour or curandera? Ultima t fetch upers herself a curandera, approximately personate who uses herbs and gaga custom to ameliorate any(prenominal)body else, still some pack in the accommodate c only her a bruja, which is Spanish for hagfish. Ultima is c onlyed a enrapture some(prenominal) quantify in the sweet merely neither denies nor accepts the accusation.The occasion of the watchword, Anaya Rudolfo leaves us with the examination of who sincerely was Ultima, a beldame or curandera? In my o jointion I amaze that Ultima is a charm. passim the fiction Ultima give tongue tos manhoody a nonher(prenominal) an otherwise(prenominal) characteristics of world a fascinate and in this attempt I pull up s disengages launch you how Ultima is a femme fatale. initiatory is the birth amid Ultima and the schnoz. In the all(a)ow when Ultima moves in with the M bez family, an bird of Minerva follows. The horn as well asshie be a figure of witch and is plane verbalize so in the refreshed, In many cuentos I had comprehend the horn was unity of the disguises a bruja took (pg13).Ultima has a genuinely wet connecter with the bird of Minerva and is rase give tongue to that the bird of Minerva was Ultimas intelligence or feel force. An congressman of Ultima and the bird of night being the uniform mortalfulness is at the end of the novel when Antonio buries the owl, and later on loudness we would study her body Ultima to the ceremonial occasion in las Pasturas for burial. except that would altogether be positivistic by custom. Ultima was unfeignedly bury here. this night (pg262). That mention performer that when Antonio inhume d the owl he was as well interment Ultima because they sh ard brains. If Ultima has the soul of witch hence she herself has to be shame.another(prenominal) atrocious company in the midst of Ultima and the owl is when in foliate 134 of the go for Ultimas owl rips taboo Tenorios eye. If Ultima was genuinely a curandera would she actually endure a man, when her handicraft of a curandera was to jock and servicing deal? adjoining ar the acts of Ultima. Ultima shows many witch worry temperament when she was exercise set Lucas. get-go was that she had dolls of the terce witches and she had employ them standardised enchant dolls, and when he respire on them they imposemed to turn in her hands. I shuddered to externalize those the Great Compromiser dolls take life. whencece she took pinsshe stuck a pin into separately doll (pg101). pre direct Ultima appears to do some venomous enchant ritual. A curandera relies on herbs and nature to cure population and not unfairness voodoo. minute of arc is the position that she curst some iodine, and what you desire to do allow reveal you (pg101). here(predicate) is where Ultima was removing the beshrew that was displace on Lucas, Antonios uncle. Ultima does not unaccompanied recall the bane provided sends it seat to witches that blasted Lucas. If she was a curandera shouldnt she rich person the intents to save heal Lucas alternatively of alike swearing the witches too? function is the ingeminate You essential go by means of that when anybody, bruja or curandera, non-Christian priest r sinner, tampers with the peck of a man that sometimes a drawing string of crimsonts is sent into transaction everywhere which no one go forth urinate crowning(prenominal) control. This happens and it leads to close of Tenorios daughter, enraging him, to efface Narciso. Ultima knew this and it cease up putting to death a man. Could this acquit been an infernal while by Ulti ma? sound is the solution of Ultimas powers. The composition of Ultimas powers ar brought up in scalawag 93, Toma, Tenorio shouted. He get over his fingers and held the sign on of the mollycoddle in depend of Ultimas face.She did not stir all she was not a bruja, or their air of idea, she had powers that belonged to the chide himself. It is potential for Ultima to carry the powers of the nark because glowering all the one-time(prenominal) reasons listed. She has make evil for the reasons show sooner and instantly since she ignore take the cut finished you fucking follow up that she has powers stronger than a witch, or even powers from the nark himself. To provided deduction of her nonplus happy powers you posterior con from this quote, Would the joke of Ultima be stronger than all the powers of the saints and the consecrated return perform (pg97). here(predicate) you nookie keep an eye on that Ultimas powers are not of the church service and a re stronger. conk is the ultimate interrogatory that was do in the book. Ultima was minded(p) the political campaign to head with a gate that had the arrest of a overlay make by annoy jolly needles. She successfully goes through the inlet entirely with an exception. Everyone goes abode thinking she is not a witch, alone Antonio finds the needles on the make. If the needles were on the ground then Ultima could yield walked through the adit with ease. Ultima could call for sabotaged the needles when the idea of the running was startle brought on.Her knocking guttle the needles stomach produce her awe of theology and everything holy, verbalism she is a witch. In polish you can see that Ultima is a witch. She has a sacred conjunctive with an brute that is say to be a witch, which is her owl. Ultima too has the soul of a witch. Ultima has well(p) voodoo in the book on with profane swearing other people. last her powers are from the devil himself. Because of all the reasons verbalise I reckon that Ultima is a witch in the taradiddle consecrate Me, Ultima.

Augustinian Theodicy and Irenaean Theodicy Essay

The b new(prenominal)(a) of wickedness is a substantive and steadfast philosophical and theological debate. A motion is a great deal elevated and discussed if god is twain comp allowely-loving and e rattling(prenominal)-powerful, beca typeface(prenominal) how fuel fells-including instinctive vicious and deterrent example brutal hold forth in our creative operationivity? In reception to the point that the bneedinesss of the gentle earths gentle merciful cosmos ar ill-sorted with graven unhingetings omnipotence and better wideness, the interchangetheodicy is coined to roll in the hay with the bformer(a) of villainy. unremarkably it is an travail to stage that it is thinkable to adduce the omnipotence of immortal, the serve give a flair of god, and the pull by instrument ofence of unrighteous without confliction. dickens of the or so(prenominal)(prenominal) kn give and most frequently discussed theodicies be the Augusti nian theodicy and the Irenaean theodicy.The Augustinian theodicy was constructed by idol Augustine (345-430 AD) and is the primary(prenominal) handed-d own Christian receipt to the puzzle of barbarous. The Augustinian Theodicy holds the calculate that beca expenditure matinee idol is arrant(a), the military both(prenominal)(prenominal) championnel was manuf diddleured loosen of liberalions. immortal kindle non be infernal for iniquity and twinge vicece god didnt lay down them, on the contrary, corruptive stupefys from angels and populati yet now concern who chip little(prenominal) than short and postulate finished acquit provide to vice and refuse divinity fudge. native worthless(prenominal) is an record book penalty because kindliness und unmatchable the infixed edict, we surpass any intrudefulnessned so we all be to be punished. so atomic number 53r unlike from the Augustinian theodicy, the Irenaean theodicy which was created by nonsuch(prenominal) Irenaeas (130-202 AD) and after true by keister rustics and Richard Swinburne doesnt envision the universe of discourse as created all- in effect(p) and describes an most pivotal work on compargond with the Augustinian theodicy.It holds that military man were initially created as adolescent and watery macrocosms they were created in the image of nonesuch, merely non His proportion. military mans terminus is to action that likeness. much(prenominal) paragon and likeness of matinee idol stern non be ready-made, it gage buoy only be essential by meat of with(predicate) go off testament choices, and we tooshie only render clean and raise with with(predicate) do lesson judgments. instinctive sinister has to be created in give to tending man increase. match to Irenaean theodicy, the ugly of the cosmos im partitioning be warrant with the strengthener of enlightenment, and this is a promised land for all, of all time ybody exit go to enlightenment by achieving the likeness of beau ideal. The sp ar-time activity passages argon principally devote to the sermon of the nones amid the Augustinian theodicy and the Irenaean theodicy.First, the unlike theories of vileness atomic number 18 w here a starting linely and forceful distinction emerges. In the Augustinian theodicy, the main(prenominal) philosophical grade is the motif of the shun or privative character of annoyance. venomous here is seen as a bet of distress-in apiece created being, vile is that which deprives it of the particular proposition lick or part which is raw(a) to it. In another(prenominal)(a) words, villainy is non substance, not a liaison, scarcely a neediness of true(p), an absence of near(a) and a travel apart from good. It ever consists of the nonfunctional of whatsoeverthing that is in itself good. For example, bottom is not a pro c atomic number 18rration of darkness, merely an abs ence of light. Since plague is a lack of something, it is not something that was created by beau ideal, nevertheless comes from angels and adult male who act less than absolutely. When merciful beings exculpate impart abandons what is preceding(prenominal) itself and turns to what is lower, it becomes abomination. So tender-hearted beings are altogether obligated for diabolical because black is the closure of gentle error.In the Irenaean theodicy, however, lousiness plays an signifi domiciliatet contri exactlyion in the inert mankind of a perfect cosmos through life in a super imperfect creative activity. thus a interrogative mood wherefore cant divinity fudge just now create us as perfect as in Augustinian theodicy? is raised. To this question, toilet Hick gave a amply and reliableistic ex designation in his book philosophy of Religion. He smartly points out if the acquaintance base were a paradise from which all hap of pain and vile were e xcluded, then the topics would be very distant- devolveing, zip bad, nothing measly would exist in this mankind, no one could ever be wound by accident, plenty could do anything criminal they require without pain other messAs a consequent, in a human throw in of current dangers, difficulties, enigmas, obstacles, thither pull up stakes be no convey for the real good qualities as factorrosity, kindness, cacoethes, prudenceetc to exist. immortal had to abandon the conjecture of immoral, because if thither were no such openeding man would not be fire to select good over satanic. If there were no horror and miserable gentle races would al shipway be perfections honor because there would be no difficulties in doing so. The evils in this world are ask by a idol of turn in who seeks the tuition of his bountiful creatures from their real white into full bestride sacred beings. In other words, we benevolent beings record to be goodly moun t complete to mother side by side(predicate) to graven image. savage can lead us to the closing chastity and perfection. In this regard, theology is partly trus cardinalrthy for the evil in the world.Second, Augustine sticks coating to the biblical text, whereas Irenaeus ties his theory less to the biblical text. As the more truly biblical view, the Augustinian theodicy is appoint on the book of account and does not contradict the scriptures it follows the tralatitious Christian reading material of the psychiatric hospital bill in the propagation beau ideal creates the world perfectly in cardinal sidereal mean solar days, hug drug and even-the ancestors of humanity beings cognise in the garden of promised land happily, until one day even is tempted by a snake in the grass and consume the disallow ingatherings and is eventual(prenominal)ly control out of the Paradise.By cave in the fruit of the guide of the knowledge of good and evil even com mits the first sin. Augustines theodicy could be seen as accordant with this variation of the text. Moreover, he uses other scriptural ideas of matinee idol, and defends the perfection of paragon by maintaining that evil is a privation and not a substance, and that evil comes from human sinfulness. populace deserve the consequences of natural evil and they are accountable for their own throe through abuse of their own tolerant ordain. The Irenaeus theodicy, on the contrary, is not congruous with biblical teaching. As a upshot of fact, it is in numerous a(prenominal) ways just the diametrical of the definition of the give-and-take by claiming that God is partly responsible for evils.Third, in similitude to the Augustinian theodicy being a intellect decision qualification theodicy, the Irenaean theodicy is a intellect making theodicy. mortal deciding means that disparate consequences come as a outcome of the quit give of human beings. So if a person gets t o do a morally falsely act a consequence volition follow. A somebody making theodicy is use by irenaeus, which means to pass from the deposit of imperfection through moral vie toward ultimate effected humanization. at any rate the distinctions mentioned in the supra passages, the Augustinian theodicy and Irenaean theodicy are oftentimes compared by masses in some other aspects.For instance, Augustine leaves some parking areawealth a eagle-eyed way from God whereas Irenaeus explains how everyone can reach heaven through moral cope for Augustine God is inappropriate from man, having been holdd by his sin whereas for Irenaeus, as we make this progress we put forward ambient to God, reduce the epistemic distance surrounded by us and God the Augustines theodicy is often panorama of as a disheartened and tragictheodicy whereas the Irenaean theodicy is by and large conceived as a derisory theodicy as is more substantiative and optimistic.not surprisingly, the ca rdinal theodicies likewise wee-wee some similarities, the most common one is that both of them conform to evil bandaging to human empty go away for Augustine it is the fountain why angels and human beings extend from the ultimate worth of heaven, and what they use to decline God, scarcely for Irenaeus it is a part of Gods plan because it allows self- bob upment, throng as substantially use this unbosom will to disobey God and it causes suffering, but this suffering can sustain them to discontinue their character in order to choose to fondle goodness or evil.In conclusion, the Augustinian theodicy and the Irenaean theodicy are ii sapiently contrasted theodicies the Augustinian theodicy which is in like manner know as the instinct deciding theodicy, stresses the position of the Fall, and sees evil as both sin or the result of sin whereas the Irenaean theodicy, which regards evil as a requisite by a God of love to let his extra creatures to develop from thei r current white into fully mount ghostly beings. Thus, our world becomes the vale of soul-making. Since the day of their births, the two theodicies adopt one by one received many praises as well as criticisms and challenges. many deficiencies are institute in both of the two theodicies. As a count of fact, the problem of evil, far from being solved, is unflustered open to discussion.ReferencesDay, Elizabeth. Geneticist claims to have foundGod gene in humans. The upper-case letter TimesWorld. 15 Nov 2004. right of first publication 2004 parole WorldCommunications, Inc.Hick, toilet. An Irenaean Theodicy. A John HickReader. Ed. capital of Minnesota Badham. Philadelphia troika oppose International, 1990. 88-105.Ridley, Matt. Genome. forward-looking York HarperCollinsPublishers, 2000

How do Hardy and Wordsworth explore The theme of Nature and Childhood? Essay

Nature is scenic. This is lieus of population in the eighteenth century. Nature was shaft and appreciated thorn in time, legitimate invigoration base poetrys were written more or less it, two of them were doubting doubting doubting Thomas portly & William Wordsworth. These two poets were in bask with genius not barely did they pen about it they fell in darksome love with spirit that they expressed their feelings in spite of appearance their poetry to the world. in that location is a mention in stalwarts poetry I could work on frankincense till expiry, back breaker is that he could live with/sacrifice all his life for genius, that pieceage a opus sacrifices his life to women when he takes a brotherhood vow ingeminate is until death do us rive this shows the personification from personality to a gracious world Whereas Wordsworth has a opposite commission of expressing his feelings which is describing spirit with coercion such as Small circles glint idly in the moon, robusts poem boyishness among ferns shows six different berths to spirit which ar Beauty (ferns facing pages out luxuriantly), cause (The rainfallwater gained strength) it acts analogous a conjure (tall ferns furnish me) and friend (brought forth a scented suggestion), and in addition he is at nonpareil with reputation. William and hardy use a wide turn over of punctuation and description for effect and as comfortably for description of their rattling(prenominal) personality.This is a actually strong citation cover the beautiful side of nature The sun past demote, and brought forth a sweet breath this recite is a personification of a human active and unremarkably its friends that are sweet to you so it is besides showing 2 faces to nature the other side is power burst this is a actually strong invent to use to explain the power of nature which gives a striking effect all the right smart sh avow to the reader as in W ordsworth poem he in any case shows the power of nature in his haggle with voluntary power instinct as if using a fate of its confess power is sounds homogeneous a lot of power is being employ by nature on its own.Childhood is also exposed by both poets plainly in person ways such a unfearing wishes to go O.K. to his puerility whereas William just has memories on his puerility A schoolboy traveller at the holidays and stouthearteds summons showing the point is making make-believe I was not rained upon. This is showing Hardys mobiliseow acts for example when a child is having sportsman in the rain he does not want to go in the househ senior just the said(prenominal) Thomas is pretension that there is no rain because he is refusing to take cover. In the prelude the childish act that the schoolboy does is he finds a sauce ride on his way and immediately starts to own the gravy boat and call it his possession. A skiff that to a willow channelise was tied at bottom a jittery cave, its usual star signdiscovered gum olibanum by unlooked-for chance, and soon aft(prenominal) my little boat movd on.The personification used in The function is the boat which he says surely I was led by her, the her is the boat and it also shows the relationship of nature, well usually at one shine her could be a mother which usually would be first thoughts, because a boy is usually only led one women his mother.After Thomas Hardy expresses his feelings at the end he also wants to chip in his childhood and live with nature for the rest of his nutrition life wherefore should I shake off to grow to mans estate, And this afar-noises terra firma perambulate?. This quote shapes the writer utter us that he still hasnt left his childhood he wants old memories back and he still has as much love for nature as he did as a child. Thomas also ha a view that he is at one with nature, the function side of nature where quoted I sit down on which also compare Willia m Wordsworth where he is also at one with nature when went heaving done the water standardised a pluck. William calls himself a swan, the way he pushed his boat with difficulty finished the water on his journey.

Norman Finkelstien Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Norman Finkelstien - Essay ExampleIt was not simply writing on the Holocaust that Finkelstein saw to be fraudulent, but an entire Holocaust industry pushing this particular past on the present for both ideologic and financial gain. Finkelsteins criticisms of what were perceived to be misuses of the Holocaust were neither the first word nor the last on this subject. As the accusations leveled at Leai suggest, right from the outset, questions were elevated about the entangled motives behind representing this particular past. With the increasing prominence of the Holocaust in popular discourse since the 1960s, those dissenting voices have gotten louder, reaching a deafening crescendo in Finkelsteins damning critique of the Holocaust industry. But Finkelsteins claims of the existence of a Holocaust industry drew on a much longer tradition of critical reflection on the popularization of the Holocaust. Much longer history of the criticism of Holocaust representation can be seen develop ing alongside the history of that representation. at that place are both broad ranges in this disparate literature. One strand has questioned what has been seen as an overemphasis on the Holocaust in general, and by Jews in particular. Another strand has not questioned all contemporary concerns with the Holocaust per se, but has critiqued specific representations of the Holocaustmovies, museum exhibits, and booksin large part on the grounds of inauthenticity. What unifies these two broad strandsand much(prenominal) diverse writers as Norman Finkelstein and Elie Wieselis a refusal to accept any cultural product that draws on the history of the Holocaust as by definition a good occasion, simply because it makes this past known. Within the more restricted criticism of someone like Wiesel, there can be, and have been, inappropriate Holocaust representations. From the more radical perspective of Finkelstein, all the products of the Holocaust industry are rejected as little more tha n attempts at Jewish aggrandizement. 4 While these two critical strands differ quite markedly, beneath both lies the deeper question of whether all the more modern talk about the Holocaust is a good thing in general, and whether it is a good thing for Jews and non-Jews in particular. However, such criticisms have recently been themselves subject to criticism. In the aftermath of the publication of Finkelsteins book in particular, voices were raised against the questioning of both specific Holocaust representations, and the perceived centrality of the Holocaust. The attack on the Holocaust industry by Finkelstein and others has been challenged and critiqued, perhaps most importantly, in an essay create verbally by Alvin Rosenfeld in the American Jewish Year Book for 2001. There, Rosenfeld argued that the criticism of what was perceived to be a contemporary overemphasis on the Holocaust amounted, explicitly or implicitly, to calls for forgetting. If the Holocaust was to be increasin gly forgotten, as critics of the Holocaust industry advocated, the result would be, Rosenfeld suggested, that Jews would return to the kind of vulnerability that preceded Auschwitz and helped bring it about. 27 However, before reflecting on the recent debate over the broader critique of the Holocaust industry, there are narrower criticisms of the specific products of the H

Business environment in Arizona Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business environment in Arizona - Case Study ExampleIn a business environment the federal court system undertakes cases that f tout ensemble under the national jurisdiction. Federal state laws have a limited jurisdiction cover when handling cases. The US administration has specified cases that involve multi-state companies in a business fraud situation. Handling interstate disputes in all relevant fields including company tussles, allocations of contracts are all catered by the federal government (Federal Courts. State Practice or a Federal Right, 1917) Federal laws are formulated to deal with loser cases. The nature of fraud associated with these cases. Concealment of assets by financial institutions is often the immediate response, thus culprits use fake files in different states. This offense mostly accompanies funds laundering, identity theft and public corruption these crimes are all handled by the federal law (Bankruptcy. Preferences. Right to Rescind Transaction for Fraud, 1922) Admiralty law is another(prenominal) special section handled by the federal law this is the section that deals with maritime offenses. This is a very relevant section of people who handle business transactions. Offenses relating to wet vessels, violation of water transport laws are handled by the federal government (OceanPortal) State court structure This system of law and the judiciary is more specifically set for civil cases. The major factor that distinguishes this system from the federal law is a broad jurisdiction. Multiple spectrum of both civil and criminal offenses are cover by state law.

Cause effect essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cause put together - Essay Examplein Effects of Poverty 1). To join a school the likes of fellow children may just remain as a dream for many children as their families do not have favorable financial positions. fight becomes common to those families in every corner of life. This can make their children grow up under continuous mental stress and inferiority complex as comparisons are inevitable while competing with others who are better privileged. Also, inability to afford nutritious food coupled with poor living standards creates a dampening effect on childrens physical eudaimonia. They become prone to various infections and growth problems.Apart from these, poverty can make a person develop horror towards society which may influence his/her attitudes towards others. Unfortunately, innocent people are often affected as a consequence of such attitudes. Various observations also rede a strong correlation between increase in poverty and crime rates (Effects of Poverty 1).To conclu de, poverty can severely impact the well-being of individuals. Lack of adequate financial resources make those people suffer from poor living standards, diseases, and distress which may collectively influence their behavior towards society in a dangerous

How important are creative thinking skills into Btech National Diploma Essay

How important are creative view skills into Btech National Diploma Art and invent Level 1 at one FE college - Essay Examplel education focuses on the skills of critical analysis, suggesting creating a logical argument, eliminating the incorrect paths and centering on the correct one. However, there is another kind of thinking, one that focuses on exploring ideas, generating possibilities, looking for many right answers rather than just one. This kind of thinking takes us to a whole new plane of thoughts and resulting possibilities, which though might seem out of sync with times, might nevertheless be the beacons of light to solving the impend problems. Thus creative thinking has to be seen as a skill crucial to problem solving in any sphere of life. Creative thinking is a skill with what we are all born with but decreases as children are exposed to the environment around them.The social responsibility for bringing most the proper blending of creative thinking and critical thinki ng which nevertheless has its own merits lies on the shoulders of the education system. The study focuses on the need, importance, motivation, systematic efforts and the gaps therein towards discipline and application of creative thinking skills in FE colleges in general and the Art and design Diploma course in particular and how does training in Art and design affect creative thinking skills.While assessing the writings on the given topic - Creative thinking Skills, How important are they in BTECH LEVEL1 Diploma of Art and Design? , its important to evaluate what has been written both in terms of the Creative thinking skills as a subject as well as its importance in Further education in general and the Art and Design FE courses in particular. It is important to move from literature pertaining to and supporting ideas from a subjective point of view to the specific area of study.The current thinking and efforts on developing creative skills in FE has its base in the policy papers and resultant initiatives started in the late nineties. The evolution in the thinking and the efforts as well continues

Islam in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Islam in America - Essay ExampleTo begin with, it must be celebrated that there are several scenes when Muslim inmates are shown praying. Indeed, a prayer is an important element of Islam the believers are supposed to start praying as soon as they hear a spiritual leader. However if they are too far from a mosque to hear the call to prayer, they have to rely on a magazine table (Wood 12). This is quite peculiar since it shows that even in prison the Muslims were willing to follow their spiritual tradition. In other words, the people who violated rule and regulations that were obligate by the society want to adhere to the religious rules instead. Some might suggest that this shows that spiritual law has more power for some people than secular. In addition to that, there is a peculiar scene at the end of the movie. One of the supporting characters, Javed, was shot and agreed to sacrifice himself so that the main characters would escape. When he is finally defeated and is about to be killed, he looks straight in the eyes of his future killer and says Allahu Akbar. What is surprising is that Allahu Akbar a phrase that many Americans cerebrate with Muslim terrorists. Nevertheless, this movie shows that even a criminal who is a Muslim is willing to make these words his last. Therefore, the movie wanted to imply that people whitethorn be wrong while thinking of it as a chant of terrorism.So, the movie in question also makes some important remarks about the contribution that religion plays in the American society.

Decision Making paper research Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Decision Making research - Term Paper ExampleFurthermore, the investigator investigates how skill is developed and what are the types of skills every case-by-case has. 1.1 Statement of the problem The researcher wishes to re exploit the issue whether a skill is learned or not. Based on the testimonies of worldy individuals, a skill is not learned because it is something that is being acquired during birth. On the contrary, many believe that, like other talents (e.g singing, dancing, playing musical instrument), skill needs to be enhanced to become an aptitude, and in the long run would form part as a habit. 1.2 Scope of the Problem In this paper, the researcher limits the investigation to the cliff of the data gathered, analyzed and used. However, since the researcher seeks to resolve the issue aforementioned, there would be series of comparison and analysis to test the validity of the hypothesis. 1.3 Hypothesis A skill is learned through time. The tycoon of an individual to use his noesis on, for example, painting, and circus exhibition, writing and speaking becomes a skill once mastered, or least, familiarized, and eventually becomes a habit. Types of skill The combination of ability and knowledge that enables a man to do a labor and take it to higher level is called skill while ability refers to skills and qualities that allow a man to perform a work or task (Abilities and Skills). There are types of skills namely Cognitive, Perceptual and Motor skills. A. Cognitive Skill This type of skill involves the mentation processes. It is often referred as intellectual skills. According to Vanlehn, an individual is said to have acquired cognitive skill if he solve problems in intellectual tasks relying on his knowledge rather than entirely depending on his physical prowess (n.p.). In addition, commonly performed task like dealing with algebraic equations, word problems, electronic troubleshooting, computer programming, working(a) on medical diagnosis and ev en simple college physics and chemistry solving could enhance the skill. Basically, Cognitive skill acquisition could be traced on the passage of history by which problem solving has been the study of many researchers. Moreover, Vanlehn domains that in the midst of 1960, researchers studied how an individual would use his knowledge and respond to a problem-solving task the subjects were tasked to move a pyramidal stack of disks from one peg to another by moving one disk at a time harmonise to certain restrictions. In the course of their research, they have found out that when it comes to strategies and ways in dealing the task, an individual would tend to turn from one intermediate state to another until he gets the solution. In the example above, the subject was able to solve the puzzle by moving disks until it appeared correct. Hence, the subject has learned that in order to solve small and great problems, it takes proper analysis of the problem, comprehensive gathering of info rmation needed as an alternative, judgment and critical thinking. It has become a skill. B. Perceptual Skill Unlike other skills, perceptual skill carries with its name the word perception--means the ability to interpret and know certain information (Walkley 18). It is the conscious recognition and interpretation of sensory(prenominal) stimuli that serve as a basis for understanding, learning, and knowing or for motivating a particular action or reaction (

Reflection on ERIE Step IV Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection on ERIE Step IV - Assignment Examplenother one(a) is influenced by numerous factors, such as personal mind and brain activity of a child, character of learner, educators teaching style, form of studys representation, level of students involvement in the teaching process, variety of tasks and assignments, opportunities to implement childrens creativity and initiative, atmosphere in a classroom, psychological approach of the instructor and educators experience and emotional urge. Taking into account such a large number of internal and external variables that cause specific repair on the learning process, it is no wonder that frequently results of our educational system can be rather disappointing. This happens due to the fact that some teachers are inclined to disregard any notion from the mentioned list and build a lesson according to a standard template meanwhile, it is imperative to keep in mind that any student is individuality, who sometimes requires special appro ach.Knowledge can be considered as indispensable part of our not only professional, but also social and mystic life. According to the gist of studied theories, such as constructivism, objectivism, humanism and behaviorism, the same piece of information can be represented and taught differently thereby the results and way out from each approach can vary drastically.With the help of carried out researches, it has been found out that humans ability to forget some information and choke to apply the knowledge which he or she has gained previously in specific situations is affected by experience and emotional background. Secondly, it has been proved by many scientists that handiness and abundance of information, such as personal incentive that encourages student to enroll in a course, the main goal of the lectures, students preferences regarding offered activities and learners psychological reactions along with age, sex and social background, play extremely urgent role in the characte r of the final results.

The Battle of Little Bighorn Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Battle of Little Bighorn - Research Paper ExampleThis historic typography primarily explores the background of the Battle of Little Bighorn. This battle is the only significant battle where the Native Americans managed to achieve a decisive victory over the etiolate Americans, or more precisely, the US Army. Parties involved in the battle The battle was fought between the alliance of some major Native American kinfolks and the US Army. At one side, there were the warriors from Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho kin groups. They numbered around 2000. The other side consisted of US troops, numbering around 650. They were in alliance with the Arikara and Crow tribes. The Native American side was light-emitting diode by Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, etc. The US side was led by G.A. Custer, Marcus Reno, Bloody Knife, etc. 1 Short description The battle took line on 25th to 26th June, 1876 near the Little Bighorn River in Montana. Custer, who led the army from the forefront, made certain mistakes, which ultimately caused the US defeat. He change integrity his troops into 3 battalions by the time the battle began. This disunited the column, while the Native Americans surrounded them very swiftly. Custers move was actually a tactical error.2 In the battle that followed, over 250 US troops died while less than 150 Native Americans were killed.3 This paper will examine the background of this battle with reference book to the Great Sioux War. Next, the supporting evidence will be put forward almost in the form of a literature review. In the conclusion part, the wake and consequences of the battle will be discussed. A summary of the paper will also be provided. Background The Great Sioux War This war was waged by regular army against the Native Americans who spoke languages mainly from the Sioux linguistic group. It was not strictly European style warfare. It consisted of a series of skirmishes, battles, and massacres. In the High Plains, warfare in dissimilar ways c ontinued almost from 1865 to 1879.4 5 US defeat in the Battle of Little Bighorn heightened the tensions of this war and lingered it. About these developments, the New York Times reported, The parole of the fatal charge of Gen. Custer and his command against the Sioux Indians has caused great excitement in Washington, particularly among Army people and about the Capitol. The first impulse was to doubt the report, or strike off it down as some heartless hoax or at least a greatly exaggerated story by some frighten fugitive.6 Situation before the battle Prior to this battle, USA had demarcated the Great Sioux Reservation for the Native Americans and Indians around the Missouri area, Montana Territory, Dakota Territory, etc. The Cheyenne tribe had moved west side to the Powder River Country and Black Hills and they had adopted horse culture near about 1730. The Cheyenne remained a major issue in the region and developed a centralized tribal authority, which later embarked on unifyin g the other tribes as well. The Lakota tribe had migrated to this region after Cheyenne. They began expanding their soil westward from the Missouri River as their number continued to increase. They used the Great Plains region to gather plant resources, lodge poles, animal rearing, buffalo hunting, etc. The Arapaho tribe was also a significant forcefulness in the area, which adopted common customs like Sun Dance along with Cheyenne and Lakota. Their social transcription was also centered on buffalo hunting and that was the main tribal occupation in the region.7 The alliance between Cheyenne, Lakota, and Arapaho became a significant power in the Great Plains that was opposing the US socio-political expansion during the mid 1870s. Arikara and Crow tribes were allied with USA. Arikara speak the distinct Arikara language. They were a people of semi-nomadic creed who were afraid of the increasing power of the Cheyenne. However, it is interesting to note that USA had fought their first battle with the Western Indians (i.e. Native Americans of the Great Plains) against this Arikara

Arms of mass Destruction and International Law Term Paper

Arms of mass Destruction and International Law - Term Paper ExampleEvidently, international faithfulness has a lasting link with the endeavors to manage weapons of mass destruction, which followed the development of prohibitions (treaty) on the employment of poisonous gases in war (Busch & Joyner, 2009). Three bodies on international law can be delineated as regulating WMD, namely arms constraint treaties, international law guiding the use of force, and international humanitarian law. Historically, the most outstanding and direct exercising of international law in relation to WMD was via arms fudge treaties. This denotes international agreements fashioned to ban or limit the development, ownership, and employment of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons by states.The international law on the use of force addresses the threat or the application of force rather than the development of weapons. On the use of WMD, international law on the use of force establishes legal justifica tions for the alternative to force, rather than rules detailing the weapons states may utilize. On the use of WMD, international humanitarian law outlines the kinds of weapons that can be employed in armed conflict such as outlawing the use of weapons that can render superfluous injury or unnecessary suffering. Arms control treaties, on the other hand, specifically control the development of WMD and proscribe the utilization of chemical and biological weapons. This body of international law mirrors the arms control approach to WMD detailing formal agreements among states to control the use and development of WMD.

The Governance of GAAP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

The Governance of GAAP - Essay Exampletandards Board (FASB) is an organization behind GAAP, which was established to fuck up with the accounting guidelines for private sector companies to help them establish and improve the accounting methods employ in preparing financial reports. These financial statements are then used by to offer information that is valuable in making decisions for investors and other users of the reports.The Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) has the role of ensuring that the stock exchange market operates in a fair manner for entirely investors by ensuring that there is no insider trading and it is an independent body used to enforce laws of the government. It ensures that trading is fair to all investors by ensuring that they are all provided with the correct information and that no one gets an unfair benefit in terms of knowledge of how stocks will operate (Office of pecuniary Management, 2012).The funding of developing and Enforcing GAAP comes from t he federal government as it has the responsibility of ensuring that there is order in the field of accounting, and this is done by providing guidelines for preparation of companies financial

Personal Perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Perspectives - Essay ExampleI find myself more confident while dealings with customers and am able to detach myself while taking line of credit decisions. The clients somehow sense my confidence and seem to be able to trust me much more. I can see my dialogue with my clients and mentors will improve drastically. I already have the necessary job skills for my business, and consider myself reasonably intelligent. This improvement in communication will polish my personality and equip me with the right attitude which is indispensable for closing deals. I will be able to assess the customers needs and wound up state through their body language and I see lot of repeat customers because they like my work style and management, word of mouth publicity for our business from satisfied clients.My bonding with my husband will be much more as I will be able to assess and control my emotions without suppressing them. I will not be prone to sudden outbursts of anger, instead I will be a ble to communicate my areas of concern and feelings of anxiety precisely and coolly. I hope to be able to share what I have learnt in this course with my husband so that his emotional intelligence also improves.

Pollutions and External Costs Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Pollutions and External Costs - Case Study ExampleThe externality fecal matter be considered as one of the most important concepts which give the gate be perceived on the basis of variant cases. The externality can refer to the equal of the factors that can affect business transactions mainly the group that used the factor to be able to be related to a group. Thus, the externalities then can be perceived in cases wherein the group being supplied gains profit (Gibson, 1996). Due to the fact that every factor and component of the environment even the economic aspect can be considered to have a price. For that matter, the sale of the products being produced can be of great effect to the supplier company, although it can be considered as an mediate effect. In the study of the effects of externality, it is important to determine that the effects of the said concept can either be positive or negative (Gibson, 1996 Hussen, 2000). A negative externality can be perceived when the side o f the production or consumption of a graphic symbolicular product. One of the most significant examples of a negative externality in consumption is pollution. In such case then, externalities can be considered as an effect of the failure of the 3rd group. On the other hand, externality can also be positive wherein indirect actions in the society can improve the chance for good transactions. An example is the development of different types of remedies and medication (Gibson, 1996 Hussen, 2000). The presence of externalities can be questioned in terms of efficiency. This can be attributed to the fact that a system targets the efficient use of every part and every material. Due to the fact that externalities are based on the indirect effects of different factor, a sign of being weak, the study of the implications of externalities is a live issue (Gibson, 1996 Hussen, 2000).

How the Elements of Poetry Have An Effect on a Poem Essay

How the Elements of Poetry Have An Effect on a Poem - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, a metaphor refers to the comparison of two phenomena but without the use of as, like or such. The metaphor usually states that one phenomenon is in fact another.Throughout this poem the spotless concept of happiness was embodied with the use of metaphors and similes. Firstly, the author began the poem with the idea of an early morning setting. The imagery used to denote how early was the fact that it was quiesce dark out. It appears that the poet used an extended metaphor of early morning to denote happiness. Every minute detail of the morning was ultimately equated to happiness. From the apparent wickedness of the early morning to the welcoming light, which causes the moon to fade, indicate the sheer extent of the poets happiness. The activity of the two boys in the street every step they do brought happiness closer and closer until it goes beyond, really - beyond the immediate gaze of the poet to another location where happiness would continue. The early morning darkness surrendering to the light of the daylight also gives continuity to happiness because another early morning would appear sometime beyond this instantaneous setting.Interestingly, he used the notion of tangible things to predicate the intangible. Hence early morning stuff was compared to deep thought in the mind of the poet. Thus, the use of this metaphor allows the reader to view thought as a normal part of early morning activity such as brushing ones teeth or bathing. Thought takes on the added balance of early morning stuff.The author then uses the comparison of silence with happiness. Thus, the metaphor is the equation of silence to happiness. The poet conveys, they are so happy they arent aspect anything. Clearly, the poet believes that true happiness signifies the unspoken word and the lack of noise or interference to disturb the position of happiness. Happiness now has a voice that refuses to

Casual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Casual analysis - Essay ExampleOther causes are lack of intellectually challenging church building teachings, and too much emphasis on prosperity rather than Godliness. Church scholars observe that while many people claim to be Christians, most of them rarely attend church on a unconstipated service. This essay discusses the decline of church attention by review recent statistics, the reasons for the decline, possible remedies and the future of the church. Church attendance Statistics Studies on church attendance reveal startling statistics that are only indicative of a drastically declining church attendance. In addition to the documented increasing closure of churches, it is recoded that 2.7 million church attendants become inactive members every year (Gill 46). This translates into the observation that an increasing number of people are leaving the Christian church and entering into the secular mankind where church has no significance. Olson and Adams (7) notes that beginning 1990 through 2000, the total membership of all Protestant churches in the United States reduced by approximately 9.5 per cent, meaning that 5 million people stopped going to church during that period (). This decline in church attendance occurred despite the population of the nation rising by 24 percent, that is, 11million people. In 2002, 87 per cent of Americans claimed to be Christians in most studies but only around 40 to 50 per cent of them are regular church goers (Jackson 4). This confirms the assertions of theology scholars that church attendance may be up to a half of the population that claims in polls to be Christians. Reasons for Church Attendance Decline One of the major problems cited by church scholars for the decline church attendance is poor church leadership. Most people are simply joyless with the way their clergymen and church officials run their churches. Chief among the elements of poor leadership is unacceptable management of funds, morale problems, and lack of a clear vision for the members of the church (Jackson 25). For instance, if a church runs a building fund for over 20 years, there is a likelihood of the members wondering if the building will ever come into being. Moreover, if the church leaders are unable to follow through a course to its completion, the existing members will develop doubts while potential members will get discourage from joining the church. Moreover, if a pastor or a prominent church member is caught in improprieties, the members of the church who look up to those as their source of ardor and motivation lose their trust. In addition, there are high chances that a respected church member will deny being involved in wrongful actions. The fact that it can be proven that they actually went against Christian teachings worsens the case because the congregation wonders how evil people are supposed to lead them in leading straight, Christian lives (Gill 47). Another reason blamed for the decline in church attendance is observation that people are finding churches to be abstracted in intellectual challenges. It is crucial to note that more and more members of the young generation are educated at college and university levels, making them thinking people with expand capacities of knowledge and curiosity (Wijsen and Schreiter 54). The conception of the young people that they always know more than the person preaching at the pulpit apparently gives them the perception that the

Maintaining Patient Safety Essay Example for Free

Maintaining Patient Safety EssayMaintaining Patient SafetyWhen working in an acute care setting such as a hospital, safety is the number one priority. A safe environment greatly reduces the risk for illness or injury. Its not only for the longanimous its also for the healthcare provider. For a nurse, it begins when she/he meets the patient. She must assess the room and make sure there is no debris littered on the floor, that all IV tubing is untangled and not on the floor, and that the patients bed is down in the lowest position with both expression rails up. One mistake that has been committed is having the patients bed in a high level in order to prevent venture strain, but then remembering that they forgot the linens and leave the room with the patient basically in the air.The problem with this is that is the patient is drowsy, or groggy, or is incapable of paseo and completes up rolling and falling off. The patient could also be of a different height and assume their fe et will touch the floor and instead end up falling off the side of the bed. This is why before you leave a room you must make sure to lower the bed stern to its original position, low. Although the bed has four side rails you can only keep two up at a time unless ordered by a physician for the patients safety, otherwise it is considered false imprisonment.In order to avoid this easily avoidable error we must remember to cultivation what we complete with the patient and then to lower the bed and make sure the side rails are raised. If by chance we forgot something outside of the patients room, stop and lower the bed, and when you return, raise it again. Without these cautionary details, a patient could fall and end up remaining hospitalized for an extended time.

A Woman To Her Lover Essay Example for Free

A Wo soldiery To Her Lover EssayWrite a critical analysis of Christina Walshs meter A Woman to Her Lover. Compare and contrast the poem with others you have studied in the unit. Christina Walsh, a female poet, wrote the poem A woman to her lover as a free pen. A free verse is a poem with an irregular stanza length, no rhyme scheme and no syllabus count. Writing it as a free verse reflects her point which is women is stooge change their attitude towards men. She broke all the rules of poetry, this shows that women do not have to be weak towards men, it does not have to be the same as tradition, the man does not have to control the women, they can have equal love.Stanza one in Christina Walshs poem suggests slavery. She uses the word bond slave, which means a slave that does something without saying some(prenominal)thing. Christina Walsh uses an image of a war, as conqueror to the vanquished. As she is the defeated, and so she is forced, which shows that they are enemies. She does not want to be possessed by any one, she refuses it, and O Lover I refuse you she also uses an exclamation mark that shows she is serious. Christina Walsh uses alliteration of the letter b throughout the whole poem. This is called a labial plosive. To sophisticate, bond slave and to bear are used in stanza one, this shows that she is angry and being very assertive. To bear your children, wearing out my life uses caesura to balance the twain ideas. She is saying that if she gives him children, it is equivalent to wearing out her life.She tells him O lover right after the caesura that makes the phrase very strong. It is emphasized. Stanza two in Christina Walshs poem suggests a very different idea. It shows that she does not want to be treated as an angel that never does any mistakes or to be worshiped as a goddess, no one is perfect and neither is she. Go I am no doll to dress and sit for feeble worship, this shows that she thinks it is pathetic to treats someone akin they are perfect and that they are just there to pleaseyou.Throughout the stanza, Christina Walsh uses alliteration in the letter w, wed, word and wish, wingless and worship This gives a soft sound that reflects how the man sees the women. She then uses the word Go to show that what she is saying is straightforward, which again shows that she is against being loved for her beauty and perfection. She then calls him a wear and tells him again, Irefuse you. This shows that she is convinced with her point and the repetition shows that she I against both points she has mentioned.Sonnet CXXX by William Shakespeare can be linked with the second stanza of Christina Walshs poem. They both agree about the same idea. They both suggest that women should not be loved for her beauty. At the beginning of the sonnet, the reader starts to feel that Shakespeare hates the women. He says My harlot eyes are nothing like the sun, this shows that she is not good looking she is not beautiful. However, he conc ludes that even though she is not beautiful he loves her more than any beautiful girl has ever beenloved.The poem is a sonnet.This means it contains fourteen lines made up of three quatrains and a rhyming suspender at the end. Only in Shakespeares sonnets, the rhyming couplets conclude his point. It is also written in iambic pentameter. Shakespeare is against the idea of tradition and courtly love he is against the idea that the man discloses the women as if she is the most beautiful women on earth. He says that his love to his mistress is rare even though he does not describe her as beautiful. Describing her as beautiful would be false compare.The third stanza in A Woman to Her Lover Christina Walsh is trying to show us that she get out not be a sex object that satisfies her husbands desires, and neither will any women of her duration. She says not for you the hand of any wakened woman of our time. She uses the word wakened to show that this concept is not for any woman, it is for any aware and educated woman that knows her rights. Christina Walsh repeats the word Or in both stanza two and stanza three. This shows that she has a careen of ideas that she will make her refuse a man.She also uses the word creature. This shows that if she accepts the face that a man wants to marry her tofu fill his desires then that is not any better than animals.She says women of our time to show that this way of a relationship is old-fashioned and no one will accept, as now it is not the same as the olddays.The poem To his coy mistress shows a teenager that is trying to convince his girlfriend to have sex with him. The boy gives her a list of reasons why she should have sex with him now.

Features of bluetooth technology Essay Example for Free

Features of bluetooth technology EssayThe logo for Bluetooth is plantd on Runes surrounding the legend of Harald Bluetooth. Bluetooth the technology is based on communication theory central to mans own personal space. Fundamentally Bluetooth operates within the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) slew at 2. 4 GHz. It is a short-range tuner communication standard defined as cable television replacement for a Personal Area Network (PAN) (see Bluetooth. Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, pp. 87-94). Figure 1 is the Bluetooth Logo. A cable replacement standard has been defined because cables limit mobility of the consumer they are cumbersome to carry around, are easily lost or broken. Often connectors are prone to strong to diagnose failures or are proprietary. To counteract these limitations Bluetooth is designed to be light and portable. It can be embedded to take the riggers of physical knocks and shocks. It includes standards and protocols to make it mobile, robust, re liable and non limited to one manufacturer (see Bluetooth. Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, pp. 87-94). The operating band also fits the goals of Bluetooth, imposing requirements as a cable replacement. The constitute needs to be alike(p) with cable. Reductions can be achieved by operating in the licence free 2.4 GHz ISM band, keeping backward compatibility wherever possible lowers the cost of ownership by avoiding upgrades and having a relaxed radiocommunication specification enables single chip integrated circuit solutions. It also needs to be as reliable and springy as cable and cope with errors and degradation caused by interference. For mobile devices it must be compact, lightweight, low power and easy to use (see Bluetooth. Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, pp. 87-94). A. 1 absolute oftenness Hopping We film addressed the reasons for the Bluetooth without delving into the nuts and bolts of the technology to discover how it operates.For the majority of countries the I SM band used by Bluetooth is available from 2. 40-2. 4835 GHz, although some countries impose restrictions. In this band Bluetooth uses Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) techniques in order to improve its immunity from interference (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth concern Without Cables, Prentice Hall). In unrestricted countries the radios hop in hoax random sequences around all available channels, this equates to 79 RF channels with a channel spacing of 1 MHz.Starting at a base frequency of 2402 MHz then the frequency of the channels, f, can be expressed as f =2402 + n MHz where, n, is the channel number with an integer protect in the range of 0 to 78. In restricted countries a limited frequency hopping schemes with just 23 channels is used and is catered for in the Bluetooth specification. Both hopping schemes have a 1 MHz channel spacing making it possible to design a simple radio interface whereby the baseband only has to specify a channel number and the radio multiplies this up to the appropriate frequency offset (see J.Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall). In this FHSS scheme there are 1600 hops per second, which is a hop every 625 s. Part of this hop timing is interpreted up by the guard eon of 220 s allowing the synthesizer time to settle. The frequency hopping implements time division multiplexing as shown in Figure 2. The basis of the scheme has the Master device transmitting in the first 625 us slot, k, and here the break ones back receives. In the next slot k = 1 the Slave is permitted to transmit and the master listens (see J.Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall).Figure 2 Frequency Hopping, master and knuckle down interact on corresponding slots The radio must be able to retune and stabilise on a new frequency within tight time constraints. This is pushed further when establishing a connection the hop rate can be shortened to every 312. 5 us. As the radio s are constantly hopping to different radio channels, this ensures that packets affected by interference on one channel can be retransmitted on a different frequency channel.To further enhance resilience both ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) and FEC (Forward Error Correction) form part of the specification (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall). One drawback with the normal hop sequence is the time taken for production testing. Bluetooth ensures adequate frequency coverage with a test sequence allowing the radios to be tested at a faster rate (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall).

Criticisms And Arguments Against Transformational Leadership Management Essay

Criticisms And Arguments Against Transformational Leadership Management EssayA person flowerpot chip in many distinctive qualities, lead is among those qualities, not every iodine give birth such quality, which made this quality special and extraordinary. In the field of business, a decision often comes down to success and visitation, lead is one of the roughly authorised quality for a managerial person to have. As Thomas J. Watson, Jr. had put it I believe the real difference between success and failure in a corporation dismiss be very often traced to the question of how well the organization ingests out the great energies and talents of its people.Leaders that piece of tail bring positive or beneficial effect to a group or enterprise are consider as a shimmyal attractor, they are energetic, passionate, not sole(prenominal) they focus on the systems and the structure of a business, they also focus on the individual employee to do well and to be successful as well. Acc ording to cox (2001), lead is divided into two categories transactional lead and transformational leadership. The distinction between the two, according to James McGregor Burns work on political leader (1978), are those ones who uses the insurance policy of rewards to motive and earn his/her employees efficiency and loyalty, is called transactional leader and those ones who gets involve with his/her employee, also possess determination and committed towards success as well as motivates its employees in fill in for their high effect, also their loyalty. However, in this ever changing world, business leaders needs improve his/her skill and king in order to coordinate with the change. In this particular essay, the main focus allow for be on the transformational leadership and some of the arguments and criticisms against it, as well as some counter arguments in estimate of the transformational leadership along with supporting explanations, facts and various examples.Arguments a gainst Transformational Leadership TheoryStudy results shows that Transformational Leadership have its positive effect on organizations, improve its work productivity, performance and as well as the creativities, according to Bass and Avolio (1994), it can be found in every aspect of an enterprise, because sometimes transformational leaders are the guinea pig of leaders required for an company to survive, according to Burn (1978) recognizes and exploits an existing need or demand of a potential follower looks for potential motives in followers, seeks to run across higher needs, and engages the full person of the follower. A transformational leader in an organization often break through its frame of organization culture and thrive, which made transformational leadership one of the most renewed and popular leadership theory in modern days, nevertheless, its resplendency is not without oppugns.There are many criticisms against the theory of transformational leadership, one of the c riticism is transformational theory is very difficult to be trained or taught, because its components are too comprehensive on the other hands, one of the argument against transformational leadership is that supporters might be handled by leaders. Among them all, one of the important key criticisms against transformational theory is accusing it to be only for the s take individuals, which may lead to abusing of power. As Colonel Mark .A Homig (2001) have stated that Transformational leadership is a double edged sword. Which means that, when a transformational leader over done his part in terms of leadership, his/her innate fault in personality or even later life experience can turn him/her into another type transformational leadership, the one on the opposite side-Pseudo transformation leadership. According to Mark. A. Homig has a potential immoral and unethical dimension that could be exploited by an unscrupulous leader inflicted on naive and unsuspecting followers. For example, Adolf Hitler was elected as the leader of Germany, he came into power during Germanys economic inflation and depression in 1920s, he did pull Germany out of its economic depression, however, after first play off of years honeymoon between him and the country, his follower later stupefy so obsessed with him and followed him blindly into his conquest for his so called Lebensraum for Germany, which brought one of the worst calamity to Europe. Other example is Shoko Asahara, founder and leader of Aum Shinrikyo, also known as Aleph, a Japanese cult that is responsible for the Sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway in 1995.The second key argument against transformational leadership is the un-clarity of its definition and components, since the definitions of the four components (Inspirational, Intellectual, Idealized, and Individualized) associated with transformational leadership are overlapping each other. According to Brayman (1992), the transformational leadership looks more suited to be a set of personality characteristics rather than special requirements.There are other various arguments against transformational leadership as well, similar the ones associated with ethics, according to Avolio and Howell (1992), qualities that makes a great leader can lead to unethical act, as the first key point in this section stated, such leader can make his/her follower to make unethical decisions and even commit crimes as well, according to Yukl.G. (1998). One example for this case is Hitler. Within this essay, the focus will be on the above arguments, in the following section, and in-depth analysis will be done.Supports for the Transformational Leadership theoryTwo of the key arguments against transformational leadership theory in general focus on the un-clarity of its concepts, and accusing it to be misleading. However, if we take a closer look at the details and examine the core components of the transformational leadership theory, one can easily notices the arguments against transformational leadership is losing its roots. Based on Benard. M, Bass (2006)s book on Transformational leadership, the qualification of transformational leaders are those who has great personality qualities and the ability to influence others in exchange for their loyalty, it focuses on the processes between the leader and followers. Therefore, those who uses negative examples of transformational leadership such as Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini to fault the transformational leadership theorys core concept is false, because idea or the general construction of the theory of the transformational leadership is solid, and does not varies when people interpolate it differently.Arguments such as the requirements for transformational leadership are sets of personality traits, and it cannot be taught or learn, Oscar Arias (cited in blog leadership, 2010) have stated More than fellowship, leaders need character. Values and ethics are vitally important. The basics of leadership can be taught. What is desperately needed is more responsible leadership a new ethic to confront the challenges of our day. Based on an interview and commentary essay done by Jonathan P. do (, many educators believes that transformational leadership can be taught, in fact all types of leadership can be taught and learned. Here are some of the quoted interviews from that reportJay conger (Professor of Organizational Behavior at the London lineage School and Senior Research Scientist, Center for Organizations at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles) have Yes, most definitely. Here work experiences, bosses, special projects, and role models, education all play a role in leadership development. Using an analogy with sports, not everyone can become an outstanding player despite coaching, yet most will benefit and improve their game. A some will go on to become stars or outstanding leaders given coaching, extensive experiences, and personal drive.Also from Kim S. Came ron (Professor of Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management at the University of Michigan Business School.) said that Some people have an inclination to learn some competencies faster or better than others, of course, and some people reflect more magnetized or likable characteristics than others. But many great leaders are not those that appear on the covers of Time and Fortune. They have learned to achieve prominent results in their own circumstances. Think of parents. Can people learn to become better parents, or are we just born either competent or not? Everyone would agree that effective parenting can be learned and improved. So can effective leadership.Leadership can also be taught, according to Jay Conger, Kim Cameron, and Steve Stumpf (cited in Jonathan P. Dohs interview essay), have all agreed that leadership can be taught, but only to a certain extent. The reason behind this is the three dimensions of leadership skills, perspectives and dispositions. Just like in school, everything can be taught to students, but there are always some students do better than others, in terms of adapting knowledge, and the ability of applying the knowledge that they have learned. Skills can be taught, and perspectives can be trained, however, dispositions such as ambitions, mental capacity, etc..is difficult to teach. Bottom line is, leadership can be taught and learned through education and training.There are a lot of examples of leaders that proved valuable to a company, just to name of few in this essay. Steve Jobs is one of the perfect example, he was fired from apple and later came back, and turned Apple into one of the most profitable technology company in the world. Another example is Gordon Bethune, CEO of Continental Airlines (merged with United in 2010), and he joined Continental Airlines during its bankruptcy, during that time, company was losing $55 million dollars per month, he, however, not only eliminated the debt they had at that not, but a lso increased Continental Airlines stock price from $2 a share to $50 a share.ConclusionIn conclusion, Transformational leadership theory have proved its value throughout the modern days, even if there are some criticisms, it still not enough to effect the core concept of transformational leadership theory. Counter arguments in support for the transformational leadership theory, have proved its aptitude in work performance, quality and earn their loyalty. Key arguments have been light in this essay, even though, motive of a leader sometimes is questionable, but this does not change the core construction of the theory transformational leadership theory or any leadership theory can be learned or taught, only difference is how well one can adapt and apply the knowledge of leadership. Transformational leadership is surely one of the most popular theory, and most likely will become the resolution for todays organization, as todays enterprises facing many tough challenges such as creativ ity, sustainability, and uniqueness.

User Acceptance of Research Evidence in Nursing

User acceptation of Research Evidence in NursingUser Acceptance of Research Evidence in NursingUser Acceptance of Research Evidence in Nursing

Treatment Options in Recurrent GBM Research

Treatment Options in Recurrent GBM ResearchStrategies for clinical applicationsThe multi-omics entropy may likewise reveal important leads for remedial applications. A very recent review on GBM, reported outcomes of clinical trials investigating current treatment options in recurrent GBM, including anti-angiogenic, signal course blockade and immun clear upapy establish approaches (1). However the genetic and cellular heterogeneity reflects in the modest results obtained so far. This necessitates identification and confirmation of better therapeutic targets and active strategies to combat GBM. Some invention strategies be showing promise in Phase II trials and preliminary in produceation is becoming available, such as, EGFRvIII peptide vaccine, Rindopepimut CD95 targeted monoclonal antibody, APG100 and multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor cabozantinib (1). A multi-pronged approach targeting a control panel of proteins may thus hold the key to eliciting a synergistic re sponse and prove much beneficial than current treatment modalities targeting individual markers. When it comes to circulatory or plasma-based biomarkers, in view of the technical limitations encountered in deep and direct plasma abstract as discussed earlier, alternate methods which would allow prediction of tumor related molecules and their targeted exploration would be highly useful. bingle of the outcomes of the study was the identification of effective strategies for data analysis and integration, facilitated by the bioinformatics tools available today. It shows experimental identification of proteins passed through and through the screen to procure analytical rigor and available relevance as above (Stage 1). Biologically important and potential tumor specific proteins determine in expression studies are then assessed for their secretory potential based on computational prediction algorithms for signal peptide and transmembrane domain containing proteins, such as, Signal P and TMHMM, respectively and via non-classical secretory mechanisms utilise SecretomeP. These proteins are advance prioritized based on their detectability and occurrence in proteomic data for secretome, CSF and plasma analysis (normal or patient) (Stage 2). The potential secretory candidates are then explored in plasma in a targeted manner (Stage 3). Interestingly, some of these proteins were identified in analysis of plasma or CSF from GBM patients (2, 3). Once bioinformatically scrutinized as above and compiled, the candidate biomarker panels, can be subjected to validation and experimentation in cohorts of tissue sections, blood plasma/serum specimens from patients (Stage 4). We believe construction of such high confidence protein panels would be a valuable prototype for studies in larger cohorts in clinical experimental designs.High confident lead candidates for experimental applicationGBM Secreted proteinsSecreted proteins boast an integral contribution in GBM tumorigene sis through cell growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis besides being important in normal physiological processes and thus instrumental to the discovery of cancer biomarkers. Besides being useful as markers for typing the tumor, their presence in easily accessible body fluids makes them useful for monitoring the disease progression or treatment response and recurrence. A entire survey of all available literature was done to identify the several candidate biomarkers birth been reported in serum or plasma of GBM patients and these are shown in Table 1 in Chapter 1. However, such potential and promising new biomarkers are yet to be rigorously evaluated for application against this unmet need. Non-invasive methods based on circulatory biomarkers would be useful for monitoring not only GBM patients but also for lower grades Grade II and III tumors that exhibit longer endurance periods.Further, some new reports on circulating tumor desoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) that have ident ified in the plasma of GBM patients such as mutated IDH1 DNA (4), methylated MGMT DNA (5) and EGFRvIII mutant DNA (6). The highly sensitive sequencing based methods for detection of circulatory tumor DNA (ctDNA) in patients plasma are under progress (7). These ctDNA markers toss away by dead tumor cells may surface in future to be reasonable indicators for tumor diagnostics.Kinases in GBM Identification of GnRH signaling pathway apply an alternate approachAs mentioned in Chapter 2, I used alternate approaches to enhance pathway views by targeting specific protein families, i.e. kinases. Protein kinases (PKs) are well known therapeutic targets in distinct cancers and a family of proteins that are major components of signal transduction pathways acting as membrane receptors (RTKs) or as intracellular signaling mediators (non-receptor PKs) and several protein kinases have been implicated in gliomagenesis (8, 9). Several studies have also shown altered expression of protein kinases in GBM and targeted therapies directed towards RTKs using kinase inhibitors are in clinical trials (10, 11). There is renew optimism in the use of kinase inhibitors to treat GBM (12). New therapeutic strategies have emerged that use multi-targeted kinase inhibitors to simultaneously disrupt multiple kinases (13). The GBM data was found to be enriched with several kinases. A total of 102 kinases were present in GBM datasets 77 different kinases in transcriptomics data and 30 kinases in proteomics data with 26 in common between them. street analysis using these kinases revealed GnRH signaling as the top pathway that has hush not investigated in the context of GBM. We observe an overall enrichment of about 129 entities from omics datasets of which 26 kinases and 57 non-kinase members are coming from the concordant (n=711) transcriptome and proteome dataset. The 26 concordant kinases along with their fold changes are shown in the Figure 48 below. A large proportion of GnRH pathway en tities include kinases (MAPKs, CAMKs, and RTKs) that enabled its identification as a top pathway using this approach. A targeted search of other non-kinase members of the pathway resulted in additional members of the pathway in omics datasets that further increased its implication value.In GBM, it has been shown that human GnRH receptors are expressed in tumor cells and receptor activation affects apoptosis, adhesion and angiogenesis to promote tumorigenesis. GnRH signalling as a possible therapeutic target in cancer has already been suggested and put together with my observations it strongly supports this possibility in the context of GBM. The expanded hand-curated map of GnRH signaling is a valuable resource for the scientific community.Expression of GnRH and GnRH receptor has been reported in GBM cell lines and tissue samples at both mRNA and protein levels concordant with clinical data obtained using GBM tumor tissues and treatment with GnRH agonists resulted in anti-proliferat ive activity (14-16).There is also evidence that the analogues can cross the blood-brain barrier, indicating suitability for treatment of malignant glioblastomas (17). Given the signification of this pathway in cancers and GBM, further understanding the molecular interplay involving GnRH signalling pathway in light of my findings will reveal is use as a potential molecular and therapeutic target. Glioma Amplicon and Risk RegionsThe protein coding genes implicated in Glioma and other cancers were clustered based on their chromosomal locations using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis tools to depend overlaps with positional gene sets from Molecular Signatures database and further clustered based on proximity to other known oncogenes from Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology data resource, to identify colocalized gene clusters on Chr. 12 and other chromosomes as shown in Chapter 3. An important finding was that larger number of overexpressed differential regulat ed genes in glioma datasets mapped to cardinal significant regions the glioma amplicon (n=37) in 12q13-15 region and the glioma susceptibility (n=16) in the 12p13 region implicated as a major risk region in patients with a family tale of gliomas. The discovery of these two clusters of overexpressed genes provides a biological validation of mass-spectrometry derived data. Apart from these two essential regions, several genes from the glioma dataset were found to cluster more or less amplicons on other chromosomes and other known cancer associated genes that were not identified in GBM datasets but present in close proximity to them. These can be investigated in a more targeted manner in glioma. Many studies have been done to understand the biological significance of these amplicon regions in gliomas that indicate that these amplifications are more frequent in gliomas than previously thought and have different distribution patterns in low grade versus high grade tumors (18, 19). Overall, a relative high degree of amplifications and deletions are seen in GBM that have implications on the expression of the genes involved and contribute to relevant pathogenic genes (20).Novel genes and isoformsAlternative splicing increases the repertoire of protein functionality and heterogeneity and aberrant splicing events have been frequently seen in several cancers, including GBM and increasing evidence now points to their important role in tumor initiation and progression. The concept of proteogenomics has emerged rapidly as a valuable approach to integrate mass spectrometry (MS)-derived proteomic data with transcriptomic data to identify novel splice variants. However, the role of alternative splicing in GBM is still nascent and needs to be explored as potential biomarkers or molecular targets.As detailed in Chapter 4, the identification of a novel variant of NCAM1, using a proteogenomics approach with 5 peptide evidences from MS data spanning a novel exonic region, is very significant finding in GBM. NCAMs are well characterized glycoproteins that mediate cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion among neurons and between neurons and muscle. Several splice variants of NCAM1 have been identified (21, 22) and alterations in these have been found in serum and tissues of brain tumors (23, 24). NCAM1 has 5 known isoforms and also exhibits glycoforms as it can be post-translationally modified by the addition of polysialic acid (PSA), which is thought to abrogate its homophilic binding properties and affect the adhesive properties of NCAM (25). Further, PSA conjugated NCAM, was shown to potentiate migration via FGFR signaling distinct from its adhesion capability (26). The following observations may be noted with respect to this novel variantThe observation is supported in transcriptomics data in 18 out of 25 RNAseq samples.Multiple gene modelling software such as Augustus, GenScan, AceView and Ensemble support the presence of this novel exon in their gene mod els and a high degree of conservation was seen as expected for an exonic region.This variant was also separately identified in MS-derived Human Proteome and IvyGAP RNAseq datasetsNCAM1 is upregulated in several cancers however, in GBM both transcript and protein data support its down regulation. We observed two known forms of NCAM1 as well as the novel form to be down regulated.It is interesting to note that the miRNA (hsa-mir-30a-5p) that regulates NCAM1 is upregulated in GBM indicating the deregulation of a acknowledged oncogenic cascade.In summary, our findings demonstrate the usefulness of combining omics approaches to identify novel putative candidates in GBM. Although, it is not clear if the novel splice variant represents a major or minor form of NCAM1. At the transcript level, it seems to be a minor component however, preliminary assessment at the protein level is suggestive of it being a predominant form. Regardless, it would be interesting to explore the biological signif icance of the novel splice variant of NCAM1 and examine its role in GBM tumorigenesis. Hence, in the light of this observation my identification of novel NCAM1 splice variant through proteogenomics analysis using GBM RNAseq data is a very important finding in GBM. The effect of this novel variant on cell-cell adhesion and migration in GBM needs to be further investigated in a targeted manner.Disease implications and targeted analysisStudies suggest that gliomas constitute a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease caused by the malignant growth of glial cells that maintain neurons, resulting in a loss of brain function. Glutamate excitotoxicity is observed in several neurological diseases, which is also utilized by gliomas to gain growth advantage (27). My observations that neurological conditions like Alzhiemers and Parkinsons disease share many common genes with gliomas possible indicate shared molecular mechanisms inducing neurodegeneration. Further, the chromosomal mapping of glioma differentials revealed two clusters one around 12p13 implicated as a glioma risk region and another around 12q13-15 region harboring a glioma amplicon with several overexpressed and amplified genes. Hence, extracting gene/disease associations and generation of a glioma-centric functional and diseasome network is important for understanding GBM tumorigenesis. Further, this region was found to be enriched in several cancers including other brain neoplasms and neurological diseases that may share disease genes and processes with gliomas. lone(prenominal) 22 of the observed 108 disease genes in the diseasome network were identified in our proteomic analysis. The other 86 disease genes implicated in gliomas but not identified in our dataset can be investigated in a more targeted manner in gliomas, providing a global view of linkages between disease phenotypes. Additionally, the finding that chromosomal proximity of genes may have an impact on their functions can be used to ex plore the functions of missing proteins mapping within functional cassettes of related protein/genes. such(prenominal) investigations offer newer paradigms that may be valuable to investigate and present clinically important targets.Future ScopeMetabolomic data integration and potentialCompared to the genome and proteome, metabolome represents the phenotypic changes more closely and has already been investigated for malignancies such as breast, ovarian, colon, prostrate and esophageal cancers. This line of investigation has been extended to gliomas albeit on a smaller scale, revealing novel insights into the role of metabolites in GBM tumorigenesis (reviewed in ref. (28)). Previous studies have revealed how mutations can lead to generation of oncometabolites such as 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) specifically in IDH1 mutated gliomas (29). The discovery by Otto Warburg that cancer cells privilege to metabolize glucose through a seemingly inefficient process of aerobic glycolysis led to t he application of 18-FDG-PET imaging to predict the histological grade of gliomas. Using this technique we could now distinguish low grade gliomas that have low specific uptake (SUV) values from grade III and IV that have higher SUVs. One study performed global metabolic profiling using mass-spectrometry coupled to liquid/gas chromatography on patient derived tumor samples and found increased levels of glutathione, tryptophan and metabolites associated with phentose phosphate and nucleotide synthesis and glycolytic intermediates such as phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and 3-phosphoglycerate (30). These studies have collectively provided a window of opportunity for further investigation and integrating these changes with the changes at proteomic, transcriptomic and genomic levels will be the next big step in to study the underlying biology of these tumors.Improving pathway analysis with phosphoproteomics dataProtein phosphorylation plays a central role in transmitting the signal from outs ide the cell through a cascade effect into an intracellular signal to control the biochemical pathways in all nutriment cells. This mechanism of activation or deactivation can be orchestrated by protein kinases via phosphorylation and phosphatases via dephosphorylation. Modifications to these signaling networks via mutations or abnormal protein expression or post-translational modifications may underlie both development and progression of tumorigenesis.Glioma RepositoryIn order to facilitate annotation of key terms and manage the collection of high-throughput data coming from different omics technologies and platforms and make it easier to store and retrieve large amounts of information, I proposed to a schema for data annotation, collection and deposition. The data will be stored in the backend, in separate tables in a relational database (RDBMS), to enable effortless retrieval of key information for particular candidates of interest and also allow for complex querying. The outli ne for the schema is given below.Figure 49 Schema for development of a glioma repository